arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2107.11277cs.LGcs.AI
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带拒识选项的机器学习:综述

Machine Learning with a Reject Option: A survey

Siemens Digital Industries Software(西门子数字工业软件);KU Leuven(鲁汶大学);OSG bv(OSG bv公司);Natus Medical(纳图斯医疗);University of Antwerp(安特卫普大学)

Kilian Hendrickx, Lorenzo Perini, Dries Van der Plas, Wannes Meert, Jesse Davis

AI总结:

本文综述带拒识的机器学习,形式化歧义与新奇两类拒识,梳理评估策略、模型架构与学习方法,并介绍应用领域及其与其他方向的关系。

摘要:

机器学习模型总是会给出预测,即使该预测很可能不准确。在许多决策支持应用中,这种行径应当避免,因为错误可能带来严重后果。尽管早在1970年就已被研究,带拒识的机器学习近来重新引起关注。该机器学习子领域使模型能够在可能出错时弃权(不执行)预测。本综述旨在概述带拒识的机器学习。我们介绍导致两种拒识类型的条件,即歧义拒识和新奇拒识,并对其进行了细致的形式化。此外,我们回顾并分类了评估模型预测质量和拒识质量的策略。我们还定义了带拒识模型的现有架构,并描述了学习此类模型的标准技术。最后,我们给出了相关应用领域的示例,并展示了带拒识的机器学习与其他机器学习研究领域的关联。

英文摘要:

Machine learning models always make a prediction, even when it is likely to be inaccurate. This behavior should be avoided in many decision support applications, where mistakes can have severe consequences. Albeit already studied in 1970, machine learning with rejection recently gained interest. This machine learning subfield enables machine learning models to abstain from making a prediction when likely to make a mistake. This survey aims to provide an overview on machine learning with rejection. We introduce the conditions leading to two types of rejection, ambiguity and novelty rejection, which we carefully formalize. Moreover, we review and categorize strategies to evaluate a model's predictive and rejective quality. Additionally, we define the existing architectures for models with rejection and describe the standard techniques for learning such models. Finally, we provide examples of relevant application domains and show how machine learning with rejection relates to other machine learning research areas.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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