具有动态拓扑结构的光学涡旋晶体
Optical vortex crystals with dynamic topologies
摘要：
涡旋晶体是在各种物理领域中发现的涡旋的几何阵列，由于其规则的内部结构是在空间受限的系统中相互作用的结果。在光学中，涡旋晶体可以在非线性谐振器内自发形成，但它们的有用性受到缺乏对其拓扑结构的控制的限制。另一方面，在自由空间中使用的可编程器件，如空间光调制器，允许设计几乎任意的涡旋分布，但没有任何内在动力学。通过将非厄米光学与超颖表面实现的按需拓扑变换相结合，我们报道了一种固体激光器，该固体激光器产生具有相互作用和可主动调谐拓扑的涡旋晶体。我们展示了10 × 10相干涡旋阵列与非局部耦合网络，不限于最近邻耦合，而是由晶体的拓扑结构。涡旋晶体表现出尖锐的布拉格衍射峰，见证他们的连贯性和高拓扑电荷纯度，我们解决了空间上的整个晶格通过引入一个并行化的分析技术。通过在光源处构造光，我们实现了复杂的变换，允许任意划分腔内的轨道角动量并修复拓扑电荷缺陷，使这些谐振器成为拓扑光学高级应用的强大而通用的工具。
英文摘要：
Vortex crystals are geometric arrays of vortices found in various physics fields, owing their regular internal structure to mutual interactions within a spatially confined system. In optics, vortex crystals may form spontaneously within a nonlinear resonator but their usefulness is limited by the lack of control over their topology. On the other hand, programmable devices used in free space, like spatial light modulators, allow the design of nearly arbitrary vortex distributions but without any intrinsic dynamics. By combining non-Hermitian optics with on-demand topological transformations enabled by metasurfaces, we report a solid-state laser that generates vortex crystals with mutual interactions and actively-tunable topologies. We demonstrate 10x10 coherent vortex arrays with nonlocal coupling networks that are not limited to nearest-neighbor coupling but rather dictated by the crystal's topology. The vortex crystals exhibit sharp Bragg diffraction peaks, witnessing their coherence and high topological charge purity, which we resolve spatially over the whole lattice by introducing a parallelized analysis technique. By structuring light at the source, we enable complex transformations that allow to arbitrarily partition the orbital angular momentum inside the cavity and to heal topological charge defects, making these resonators a robust and versatile tool for advanced applications in topological optics.
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