德国YouTube在政治议题上的偏向性审查
Auditing the Biases Enacted by YouTube for Political Topics in Germany
摘要：
随着YouTube作为一个新闻平台的重要性越来越大，其推荐系统受到了越来越多的审查。认识到YouTube的推荐系统作为媒体的广播公司，我们探讨法律的适用性，要求广播公司给予重要的政治，意识形态和社会团体充分的机会，表达自己在广播节目的服务。我们提出审计作为一个重要的工具，以执行这些法律，并确保一个系统的运作符合公众利益。为了研究YouTube是否存在某些偏见，我们通过跟踪每个视频的十条推荐链来收集有关政治话题的视频推荐。我们的研究结果表明，YouTube的推荐系统正在制定重要的偏见。我们发现，YouTube正在推荐越来越受欢迎但主题无关的视频。推荐视频引起的悲伤减少，而快乐增加。我们讨论了我们发现的强烈的流行偏见，并分析了内容和情感的流行之间的联系。我们还讨论了审计如何使研究人员和公民黑客能够监控复杂的基于机器学习（ML）的系统，如YouTube的推荐系统。
英文摘要：
With YouTube's growing importance as a news platform, its recommendation system came under increased scrutiny. Recognizing YouTube's recommendation system as a broadcaster of media, we explore the applicability of laws that require broadcasters to give important political, ideological, and social groups adequate opportunity to express themselves in the broadcasted program of the service. We present audits as an important tool to enforce such laws and to ensure that a system operates in the public's interest. To examine whether YouTube is enacting certain biases, we collected video recommendations about political topics by following chains of ten recommendations per video. Our findings suggest that YouTube's recommendation system is enacting important biases. We find that YouTube is recommending increasingly popular but topically unrelated videos. The sadness evoked by the recommended videos decreases while the happiness increases. We discuss the strong popularity bias we identified and analyze the link between the popularity of content and emotions. We also discuss how audits empower researchers and civic hackers to monitor complex machine learning (ML)-based systems like YouTube's recommendation system.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
