The discovery of spatio-temporal dependencies within urban road networks that cause Recurrent Congestion (RC) patterns is crucial for numerous real-world applications, including urban planning and scheduling of public transportation services. While most existing studies investigate temporal patterns of RC phenomena, the influence of the road network topology on RC is often overlooked. This article proposes the ST-Discovery algorithm, a novel unsupervised spatio-temporal data mining algorithm that facilitates the effective data-driven discovery of RC dependencies induced by the road network topology using real-world traffic data. We factor out regularly reoccurring traffic phenomena, such as rush hours, mainly induced by the daytime, by modelling and systematically exploiting temporal traffic load outliers. We present an algorithm that first constructs connected subgraphs of the road network based on the traffic speed outliers. Second, the algorithm identifies pairs of subgraphs that indicate spatio-temporal correlations in their traffic load behaviour to identify topological dependencies within the road network. Finally, we rank the identified subgraph pairs based on the dependency score determined by our algorithm. Our experimental results demonstrate that ST-Discovery can effectively reveal topological dependencies in urban road networks.
Intelligent transport systems have efficiently and effectively proved themselves in settling up the problem of traffic congestion around the world. The multi-agent based transportation system is one of the most important intelligent transport systems, which represents an interaction among the neighbouring vehicles, drivers, roads, infrastructure and vehicles. In this paper, two traffic management models have been created to mitigate congestion and to ensure that emergency vehicles arrive as quickly as possible. A tool-chain SUMO-JADE is employed to create a microscopic simulation symbolizing t…
We present a novel framework for modeling traffic congestion events over road networks. Using multi-modal data by combining count data from traffic sensors with police reports that report traffic incidents, we aim to capture two types of triggering effect for congestion events. Current traffic congestion at one location may cause future congestion over the road network, and traffic incidents may cause spread traffic congestion. To model the non-homogeneous temporal dependence of the event on the past, we use a novel attention-based mechanism based on neural networks embedding for point process…
the University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Tokyo Institute of Technology（东京工业大学）
Traffic congestion is a serious problem in urban areas. Dynamic congestion pricing is one of the useful schemes to eliminate traffic congestion in strategic scale. However, in the reality, an optimal dynamic congestion pricing is very difficult or impossible to determine theoretically, because road networks are usually large and complicated, and behavior of road users is uncertain. To account for this challenge, this work proposes a dynamic congestion pricing method using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). It is designed to eliminate traffic congestion based on observable data in general large…
Traffic4cast is an annual competition to predict spatio temporal traffic based on real world data. We propose an approach using Graph Neural Networks that directly works on the road graph topology which was extracted from OpenStreetMap data. Our architecture can incorporate a hierarchical graph representation to improve the information flow between key intersections of the graph and the shortest paths connecting them. Furthermore, we investigate how the road graph can be compacted to ease the flow of information and make use of a multi-task approach to predict congestion classes and ETA simult…
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences（巴基斯坦工程与应用科学学院）；Carleton University（卡尔顿大学）
Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) uses diverse, unstructured data and makes RL capable of learning complex policies in high dimensional environments. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) based on Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) offers an excellent playground for policy-based DRL. Deep learning architectures solve computational challenges of traditional algorithms while helping in real-world adoption and deployment of AVs. One of the main challenges in AVs implementation is that it can worsen traffic congestion on roads if not reliably and efficiently managed. Considering each vehicle's holistic e…
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology（蔚山科学技术院）
The accurate estimation of time delays is crucial in traffic congestion analysis, as this information can be used to address fundamental questions regarding the origin and propagation of traffic congestion. However, the exact measurement of time delays during congestion remains a challenge owing to the complex propagation process between roads and high uncertainty regarding future behavior. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel time delay estimation method for the propagation of traffic congestion due to accidents using lag-specific transfer entropy (TE). The proposed method adopts Ma…
Estimated time of arrival (ETA) prediction, also known as travel time estimation, is a fundamental task for a wide range of intelligent transportation applications, such as navigation, route planning, and ride-hailing services. To accurately predict the travel time of a route, it is essential to take into account both contextual and predictive factors, such as spatial-temporal interaction, driving behavior, and traffic congestion propagation inference. The ETA prediction models previously deployed at Baidu Maps have addressed the factors of spatial-temporal interaction (ConSTGAT) and driving b…
BMW Group（宝马集团）；University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich（慕尼黑联邦国防军大学）
Most traffic state forecast algorithms when applied to urban road networks consider only the links in close proximity to the target location. However, for longer-term forecasts also the traffic state of more distant links or regions of the network are expected to provide valuable information for a data-driven algorithm. This paper studies these expectations of using a network clustering algorithm and one year of Floating Car (FCD) collected by a large fleet of vehicles. First, a clustering algorithm is applied to the data in order to extract congestion-prone regions in the Munich city network.…
Accurate traffic prediction is crucial to improve the performance of intelligent transportation systems. Previous traffic prediction tasks mainly focus on small and non-isolated traffic subsystems, while the Traffic4cast 2022 competition is dedicated to exploring the traffic state dynamics of entire cities. Given one hour of sparse loop count data only, the task is to predict the congestion classes for all road segments and the expected times of arrival along super-segments 15 minutes into the future. The sparsity of loop counter data and highly uncertain real-time traffic conditions make the …
Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANET) can efficiently detect traffic congestion, but detection is not enough because congestion can be further classified as recurrent and non-recurrent congestion (NRC). In particular, NRC in an urban network is mainly caused by incidents, workzones, special events and adverse weather. We propose a framework for the real-time distributed classification of congestion into its components on a heterogeneous urban road network using VANET. We present models built on an understanding of the spatial and temporal causality measures and trained on synthetic data extended f…
Tracking congestion throughout the network road is a critical component of Intelligent transportation network management systems. Understanding how the traffic flows and short-term prediction of congestion occurrence due to rush-hour or incidents can be beneficial to such systems to effectively manage and direct the traffic to the most appropriate detours. Many of the current traffic flow prediction systems are designed by utilizing a central processing component where the prediction is carried out through aggregation of the information gathered from all measuring stations. However, centralize…
Due to urbanization and the increase of individual mobility, in most metropolitan areas around the world congestion and inefficient traffic management occur. Highly necessary intelligent traffic control systems, which are able to reduce congestion, rely on measurements of traffic situations in urban road networks and freeways. Unfortunately, the instrumentation for accurate traffic measurement is expensive and not widely implemented. This thesis addresses this problem, where relatively inexpensive and easy to install loop-detectors are used by a geometric deep learning algorithm, which uses lo…
Traffic congestion anomaly detection is of paramount importance in intelligent traffic systems. The goals of transportation agencies are two-fold: to monitor the general traffic conditions in the area of interest and to locate road segments under abnormal congestion states. Modeling congestion patterns can achieve these goals for citywide roadways, which amounts to learning the distribution of multivariate time series (MTS). However, existing works are either not scalable or unable to capture the spatial-temporal information in MTS simultaneously. To this end, we propose a principled and compr…
The effectiveness of traditional traffic prediction methods is often extremely limited when forecasting traffic dynamics in early morning. The reason is that traffic can break down drastically during the early morning commute, and the time and duration of this break-down vary substantially from day to day. Early morning traffic forecast is crucial to inform morning-commute traffic management, but they are generally challenging to predict in advance, particularly by midnight. In this paper, we propose to mine Twitter messages as a probing method to understand the impacts of people's work and re…
Automation in mining requires accurate maps of road networks on site. Because roads on open-cut mines are dynamic in nature and continuously changing, manually updating road maps is tedious and error-prone. This paper investigates the possibility of automatically deriving an accurate representation of the road network using GPS data available from haul trucks operating on site. We present an overview of approaches proposed in literature and test the performance of publicly available methods on GPS data collected from trucks operating on site. Based on shortcomings seen in all tested algorithms…
PPTNet: A Hybrid Periodic Pattern-Transformer Architecture for Traffic Flow Prediction and Congestion Identification
National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University（汽车底盘集成与仿生国家级重点实验室，吉林大学）；School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University（机械工程学院，山东大学）；School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University（工程与物理科学学院，赫瑞-瓦特大学）
Laboratory of Medical Informatics (LIMED)（医学信息学实验室（LIMED））；Insight Center for Data Analytics（洞察数据分析中心）；University of Bejaia（贝贾亚大学）；University College of Dublin（都柏林大学学院）
Data mining and knowledge discovery are two important growing research fields in the last two decades due to the abundance of data collected from various sources. The exponentially growing volumes of generated data urge the development of several mining techniques to feed the needs for automatically derived knowledge. Clustering analysis (finding similar groups of data) is a well-established and widely used approach in data mining and knowledge discovery. In this paper, we introduce a clustering technique that uses game theory models to tackle multi-objective application problems. The main ide…
Wayne State University（韦恩州立大学）；DiDi Research America（滴滴美国研究院）；DiDi Research（滴滴研究院）
In this paper, we develop a reinforcement learning (RL) based system to learn an effective policy for carpooling that maximizes transportation efficiency so that fewer cars are required to fulfill the given amount of trip demand. For this purpose, first, we develop a deep neural network model, called ST-NN (Spatio-Temporal Neural Network), to predict taxi trip time from the raw GPS trip data. Secondly, we develop a carpooling simulation environment for RL training, with the output of ST-NN and using the NYC taxi trip dataset. In order to maximize transportation efficiency and minimize traffic …
Purdue University（普渡大学）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）
Past research and practice have demonstrated that dynamic rerouting framework is effective in mitigating urban traffic congestion and thereby improve urban travel efficiency. It has been suggested that dynamic rerouting could be facilitated using emerging technologies such as fog-computing which offer advantages of low-latency capabilities and information exchange between vehicles and roadway infrastructure. To address this question, this study proposes a two-stage model that combines GAQ (Graph Attention Network - Deep Q Learning) and EBkSP (Entropy Based k Shortest Path) using a fog-cloud ar…
School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学机械工程学院）；School of Transportation Engineering, Southeast University（东南大学交通工程学院）；Faculty of Momenta（Momenta学院）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）
Non-recurrent traffic congestion (NRTC) usually brings unexpected delays to commuters. Hence, it is critical to accurately detect and recognize the NRTC in a real-time manner. The advancement of road traffic detectors and loop detectors provides researchers with a large-scale multivariable temporal-spatial traffic data, which allows the deep research on NRTC to be conducted. However, it remains a challenging task to construct an analytical framework through which the natural spatial-temporal structural properties of multivariable traffic information can be effectively represented and exploited…
Politecnico di Milano（米兰理工大学）；NEC Laboratories Europe（NEC欧洲实验室）；Technische Universität Kaiserslautern（凯泽斯劳滕工业大学）；i2CAT Foundation（i2CAT基金会）；ICREA
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is expected to become one of the main drivers of 5G business in the near future. Dedicated \emph{network slices} are envisioned to satisfy the stringent requirements of advanced V2X services, such as autonomous driving, aimed at drastically reducing road casualties. However, as V2X services become more mission-critical, new solutions need to be devised to guarantee their successful service delivery even in exceptional situations, e.g. road accidents, congestion, etc. In this context, we propose $π$-ROAD, a \emph{deep learning} framework to automatically learn regula…
