蚂蚁合作运输过程中涌现振荡辅助障碍物协商
Emergent oscillations assist obstacle negotiation during ant cooperative transport
摘要：
动物群体的集体运动受到内部相互作用、外部约束和信息流入的影响。这些不同的因素如何引起不同的集体运动模式，目前还缺乏定量的了解。在这里，我们研究如何蚂蚁合作运输一个大的食物项目作出反应的障碍物阻挡他们的path.Combining实验与统计物理模型的机械耦合的活性agents，我们表明，约束诱导一个确定性的集体振荡模式，促进障碍规避。我们提供了直接的实验证据，理论支持，这种运动是一种新兴的群体效应，不需要在个人层面上的任何行为变化。我们跟踪这些弛豫振荡两个力之间的相互作用，知情的蚂蚁拉向巢的负载，而无知的蚂蚁有助于沿切线方向的运动的持久性。该模型的预测，振荡出现以上的临界系统的大小，该集团可以自发地过渡到其有序的阶段，该系统可以表现出完整的旋转都得到了实验验证。我们预计，类似的振荡模式出现在集体运动的情况下，结构的环境施加个人持有的信息和群体的凝聚力的倾向之间的冲突。
英文摘要：
Collective motion by animal groups is affected by internal interactions, external constraints and the influx of information. A quantitative understanding of how these different factors give rise to different modes of collective motion is, at present, lacking.} Here, we study how ants that cooperatively transport a large food item react to an obstacle blocking their path. Combining experiments with a statistical physics model of mechanically coupled active agents, we show that the constraint induces a deterministic collective oscillatory mode that facilitates obstacle circumvention. We provide direct experimental evidence, backed by theory, that this motion is an emergent group effect that does not require any behavioral changes at the individual level. We trace these relaxation oscillations to the interplay between two forces; informed ants pull the load towards the nest while uninformed ants contribute to the motion's persistence along the tangential direction. The model's predictions that oscillations appear above a critical system size, that the group can spontaneously transition into its ordered phase, and that the system can exhibit complete rotations are all verified experimentally. We expect that similar oscillatory modes emerge in collective motion scenarios where the structure of the environment imposes conflicts between individually held information and the group's tendency for cohesiveness.
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