PhD论文：使用相控阵的编码调制干涉成像系统
PhD Thesis on Code Modulated Interferometric Imaging System using Phased Arrays
摘要：
这项工作提出的技术，可以允许低成本的相控阵接收器被重新配置为干涉成像仪，从而降低成本。由于传统的相控阵在数字化之前对输入信号进行功率组合，因此使用每个前端内的移相器将正交码调制应用于每个输入信号。这些编码调制的信号可以通过一个共享的硬件路径进行组合和相干处理，可见性函数可以通过平方和编码解复用操作恢复。所提出的系统调制输入信号，但不期望的相关性。首先，我们提出了系统的操作，验证其操作使用传统的相控阵列的行为模型和基准的代码调制干涉仪对传统的干涉仪使用仿真结果和灵敏度分析。其次，我们提出了一个简单的CMI系统工作在免许可证的60 GHz频段使用四元素相控阵接收机。四元相控阵列被细化，以获得13像素的图像，并通过在不同位置检测到的点源演示了该系统。最后，代码调制干涉测量（CMI）的操作和能力证明在10 GHz的使用商用相控阵列。利用ADI公司的两个市售ADAR 1000相控阵接收器创建了一个33像素、8单元原型。芯片在板级连接到贴片天线阵列。33像素摄像头在硬件中演示用于点源检测。为了进一步展示该概念的可扩展性，我们展示了一个16单元、169像素的CMI成像系统，该系统采用ADI公司的四个相同的商用相控阵，工作频率为10 GHz。两个有源点源同时成像以呈现系统的分辨率。
英文摘要：
This work presents techniques which can allow low-cost phased-array receivers to be reconfigured as interferometric imagers and thereby reducing cost. Since traditional phased arrays power combine incoming signals prior to digitization, orthogonal code-modulation is applied to each incoming signal using phase shifters within each front-end. These code-modulated signals can then be combined and processed coherently through a shared hardware path. Visibility functions can be recovered through squaring and code-demultiplexing operations. The proposed system modulates incoming signals but demodulates desired correlations. Firstly, we present the operation of the system, a validation of its operation using behavioral models of a traditional phased array and a benchmarking of the code-modulated interferometer against traditional interferometer using simulation results and sensitivity analysis. Secondly, we present a simple CMI system operating in the license-free 60-GHz band using a four-element phased-array receiver. The four-element phased array is thinned to obtain a 13-pixel image and the system is demonstrated through a point-source detected at different locations. Finally, the operation and capabilities of code-modulated interferometry (CMI) are demonstrated at 10-GHz using commercially-available phased arrays. A 33-pixel, eight-element prototype is created using two commercially-available ADAR1000 phased-array receivers from Analog Devices Inc. The chips are connected at board level to a patch antenna array. The 33-pixel camera is demonstrated in hardware for point-source detection. Further to demonstrate the scalability of the concept, a 16-element, 169-pixels CMI imaging system is presented at 10-GHz using the four of the same commercially-available phased arrays from ADI. Two active point sources are imaged simultaneously to present the resolution of the system.
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