This paper presents a novel method for solving partial differential equations on three-dimensional CAD geometries by means of immersed isogeometric discretizations that do not require quadrature schemes. It relies on a new developed technique for the evaluation of polynomial integrals over spline boundary representations that is exclusively based on analytical computations. First, through a consistent polynomial approximation step, the finite element operators of the Galerkin method are transformed into integrals involving only polynomial integrands. Then, by successive applications of the divergence theorem, those integrals over B-Reps are transformed into first surface and then line integrals with polynomials integrands. Eventually these line integrals are evaluated analytically with machine precision accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by means of numerical experiments in the context of 2D and 3D elliptic problems, retrieving optimal error convergence order in all cases. Finally, the methodology is illustrated for 3D CAD models with an industrial level of complexity.
The immersed isogeometric Boundary Element Method is presented and applied to the simulation of underground excavations. Nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) are used for the accurate definition of complex geometries with few parameters. Immersed technology is applied to automatically generate cell meshes. This allows heterogeneous and anisotropic ground conditions as well as nonlinear material behaviour to be considered. On a practical example the user friendliness and accuracy is demonstrated.
It is well-known that outliers appear in the high-frequency region in the approximate spectrum of isogeometric analysis of the second-order elliptic operator. Recently, the outliers have been eliminated by a boundary penalty technique. The essential idea is to impose extra conditions arising from the differential equation at the domain boundary. In this paper, we extend the idea to remove outliers in the superconvergent approximate spectrum of isogeometric analysis with optimally-blended quadrature rules. We show numerically that the eigenvalue errors are of superconvergence rate $h^{2p+2}$ an…
Scalable multigrid methods for immersed finite element methods and immersed isogeometric analysis
Eindhoven University of Technology（埃因霍温理工大学）；University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）；German Aerospace Center (DLR)（德国航空航天中心）；Walt Disney Animation Studios（华特迪士尼动画工作室）
The Finite Cell Method (FCM) together with Isogeometric analysis (IGA) has been applied successfully in various problems in solid mechanics, in image-based analysis, fluid-structure interaction and in many other applications. A challenging aspect of the isogeometric finite cell method is the integration of cut cells. In particular in three-dimensional simulations the computational effort associated with integration can be the critical component of a simulation. A myriad of integration strategies has been proposed over the past years to ameliorate the difficulties associated with integration, b…
This paper introduces optimally-blended quadrature rules for isogeometric analysis and analyzes the numerical dispersion of the resulting discretizations. To quantify the approximation errors when we modify the inner products, we generalize the Pythagorean eigenvalue theorem of Strang and Fix. The proposed blended quadrature rules have advantages over alternative integration rules for isogeometric analysis on uniform and non-uniform meshes as well as for different polynomial orders and continuity of the basis. The optimally-blended schemes improve the convergence rate of the method by two orde…
The Influence of Quadrature Errors on Isogeometric Mortar Methods
Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori Pavia（帕维亚高等大学研究所）；Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche del CNR（意大利国家研究委员会应用数学与信息技术研究所）；M2 – Zentrum Mathematik, Technische Universität München（慕尼黑工业大学数学中心）
We introduce a new paradigm for immersed finite element and isogeometric methods based on interpolating function spaces from an unfitted background mesh into Lagrange finite element spaces defined on a foreground mesh that captures the domain geometry but is otherwise subject to minimal constraints on element quality or connectivity. This is a generalization of the concept of Lagrange extraction from the isogeometric analysis literature and also related to certain variants of the finite cell and material point methods. Crucially, the interpolation may be approximate without sacrificing high-or…
We study the numerical solution of forward and inverse acoustic scattering problems by randomly shaped obstacles in three-dimensional space using a fast isogeometric boundary element method. Within the isogeometric framework, realizations of the random scatterer can efficiently be computed by simply updating the NURBS mappings which represent the scatterer. This way, we end up with a random deformation field. In particular, we show that the knowledge of the deformation field's expectation and covariance at the surface of the scatterer are already sufficient to compute the surface Karhunen-Loèv…
Dispersion optimized quadratures for isogeometric analysis
Curtin University（科廷大学）；Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University（科廷计算研究所）；Mineral Resources, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)（联邦科学与工业研究组织矿产资源部）
This chapter reviews the work conducted by our team on scan-based immersed isogeometric analysis for flow problems. To leverage the advantageous properties of isogeometric analysis on complex scan-based domains, various innovations have been made: (i) A spline-based segmentation strategy has been developed to extract a geometry suitable for immersed analysis directly from scan data; (ii) A stabilized equal-order velocity-pressure formulation for the Stokes problem has been proposed to attain stable results on immersed domains; (iii) An adaptive integration quadrature procedure has been develop…
Fast formation of isogeometric Galerkin matrices by weighted quadrature
Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale（卡西诺及拉齐奥梅里迪奥纳莱大学）；Università degli Studi di Pavia（帕维亚大学）；Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche “E. Magenes” del CNR（CNR应用数学与信息技术研究所“E. Magenes”）
We propose an adaptive mesh refinement strategy for immersed isogeometric analysis, with application to steady heat conduction and viscous flow problems. The proposed strategy is based on residual-based error estimation, which has been tailored to the immersed setting by the incorporation of appropriately scaled stabilization and boundary terms. Element-wise error indicators are elaborated for the Laplace and Stokes problems, and a THB-spline-based local mesh refinement strategy is proposed. The error estimation .and adaptivity procedure is applied to a series of benchmark problems, demonstrat…
Bézier projection: a unified approach for local projection and quadrature-free refinement and coarsening of NURBS and T-splines with particular application to isogeometric design and analysis
Brigham Young University（杨百翰大学）；University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）
To exploit the advantageous properties of isogeometric analysis (IGA) in a scan-based setting, it is important to extract a smooth geometric domain from the scan data (e.g., voxel data). IGA-suitable domains can be constructed by convoluting the grayscale data using B-splines. A negative side-effect of this convolution technique is, however, that it can induce topological changes in the process of smoothing when features with a size similar to that of the voxels are encountered. This manuscript presents an enhanced B-spline-based segmentation procedure using a refinement strategy based on trun…
We present a novel isogeometric method, namely the Immersed Boundary-Conformal Method (IBCM), that features a layer of discretization conformal to the boundary while employing a simple background mesh for the remaining domain. In this manner, we leverage the geometric flexibility of the immersed boundary method with the advantages of a conformal discretization, such as intuitive control of mesh resolution around the boundary, higher accuracy per degree of freedom, automatic satisfaction of interface kinematic conditions, and the ability to strongly impose Dirichlet boundary conditions. In the …
A new methodology in isogeometric analysis (IGA) is presented. This methodology delivers low-cost variable-scale approximations (surrogates) of the matrices which IGA conventionally requires to be computed from element-scale quadrature formulas. To generate surrogate matrices, quadrature must only be performed on certain elements in the computational domain. This, in turn, determines only a subset of the entries in the final matrix. The remaining matrix entries are computed by a simple B-spline interpolation procedure. Poisson's equation, membrane vibration, plate bending, and Stokes' flow pro…
Machine Learning Discovery of Optimal Quadrature Rules for Isogeometric Analysis
BCAM – Basque Center for Applied Mathematics（巴斯克应用数学中心（BCAM））；CUNEF University（CUNEF大学）；University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)（巴斯克大学（UPV/EHU））；Ikerbasque – Basque Foundation for Sciences（巴斯克科学基金会（Ikerbasque））
Dispersion-minimized mass for isogeometric analysis
Curtin University（科廷大学）；Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University（科廷计算研究所，科廷大学）；Department of Applied Geology, Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University（西澳矿业学院应用地质系，科廷大学）；Mineral Resources, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)（联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）矿产资源部）
This paper presents an immersed, isogeometric finite element framework to predict the response of multi-material, multi-physics problems with complex geometries using locally refined discretizations. To circumvent the need to generate conformal meshes, this work uses an eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) to discretize the governing equations on non-conforming, embedding meshes. A flexible approach to create truncated hierarchical B-splines discretizations is presented. This approach enables the refinement of each state variable field individually to meet field-specific accuracy requirements…
We present a novel formulation for the immersed coupling of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) and Peridynamics (PD) for the simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI). We focus on air-blast FSI and address the computational challenges of immersed FSI methods in the simulation of fracture and fragmentation by developing a weakly volume-coupled FSI formulation by means of a simple penalty approach. We show the mathematical formulation and present several numerical examples of inelastic ductile and brittle solids that clearly demonstrate the power and robustness of the proposed methodology.
Convergence of the Immersed Interface Method in Linear Elasticity
University of Hasselt（哈瑟尔特大学）；Lancaster University（兰卡斯特大学）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；University of Zaragoza（萨拉戈萨大学）；University of Johannesburg（约翰内斯堡大学）；Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学）
A three-grid high-order immersed finite element method for the analysis of CAD models
University of Glasgow（格拉斯哥大学）；Institute of Mathematics of the Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院数学研究所）；Epic Games, Inc.（Epic Games公司）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）
Efficient assembly based on B-spline tailored quadrature rules for the IgA-SGBEM
University of Parma（帕尔马大学）；University of Cassino and southern Lazio（卡西诺及南拉齐奥大学）；University of Siena（锡耶纳大学）；University of Pavia（帕维亚大学）；University of Florence（佛罗伦萨大学）
