负折射率超材料中的类Klein声隧穿
Klein-like tunneling of sound via negative index metamaterials
摘要：
克莱因隧穿是一种违反直觉的量子力学现象，它预言了相对论性粒子通过更高能量势垒的完美传输。由于赝自旋守恒，这种现象在石墨烯的正入射下得到了支持。在这里，我表明，克莱因隧道模拟可以发生在经典系统中，值得注意的是，不依赖于模仿石墨烯的旋量波函数结构。相反，该机制需要穿透介质的特定形式的本构参数，从而产生与石墨烯中的量子隧穿相同的传输特性。我证明了这一结果，通过模拟隧道的声音在二维声学超材料。更引人注目的是，我表明，通过引入一定形式的各向异性，隧道可以畅通无阻的任何入射角，同时保持其原始的克莱因色散特性。这种现象可以用全向类Klein隧穿来表示。新的隧穿机制及其全向变体可能适用于需要无损和方向无关的经典波传输的应用。
英文摘要：
Klein tunneling is a counterintuitive quantum-mechanical phenomenon, predicting perfect transmission of relativistic particles through higher energy barriers. This phenomenon was shown to be supported at normal incidence in graphene due to pseudospin conservation. Here I show that Klein tunneling analogue can occur in classical systems, and remarkably, not relying on mimicking graphene's spinor wavefunction structure. Instead, the mechanism requires a particular form of constitutive parameters of the penetrated medium, yielding transmission properties identical to the quantum tunneling in graphene. I demonstrate this result by simulating tunneling of sound in a two-dimensional acoustic metamaterial. More strikingly, I show that by introducing a certain form of anisotropy, the tunneling can be made unimpeded for any incidence angle, while keeping most of its original Klein dispersion properties. This phenomenon may be denoted by the omnidirectional Klein-like tunneling. The new tunneling mechanism and its omnidirectional variant may be useful for applications requiring lossless and direction-independent transmission of classical waves.
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