通过laser消融实现的量化涡旋重连的可视化
Visualisation of quantised vortex reconnection as enabled by laser ablation
摘要：
向超流氦中注入杂质是一种简单而独特的方法，具有多种应用，包括高精度光谱学、量子计算、纳米/微米材料合成和流动可视化。量子涡旋被认为在超流氦和轻杂质之间的相互作用中起着重要作用。然而，对于半导体和金属杂质等致密材料，控制相互作用的基本原理仍然存在争议。在这里，我们提供了实验证据的吸引力的致密硅纳米粒子的量子化涡核。我们通过原位激光烧蚀制备了硅纳米颗粒。在激光烧蚀之后，我们观察到硅纳米颗粒形成了弯曲的丝状结构，这表明了量子化的涡核。我们还观察到两个偶然相交的量子化涡旋交换了它们的部分，这种现象称为量子化涡旋重联。这种行为与重连的动力学标度密切匹配。我们的结果为可视化和研究杂质量子化涡旋相互作用提供了一种新的方法。
英文摘要：
Impurity injection into superfluid helium is a simple yet unique method with diverse applications, including high-precision spectroscopy, quantum computing, nano/micro materialsynthesis, and flow visualisation. Quantised vortices are believed to play a major role in the interaction between superfluid helium and light impurities. However, the basic principle governing the interaction is still controversial for dense materials such as semiconductor and metal impurities. Herein, we provide experimental evidence of the attraction of the dense silicon nanoparticles to the quantised vortex cores. We prepared the silicon nanoparticles via in-situ laser ablation. Following laser ablation, we observed that the silicon nanoparticles formed curved-filament-like structures, indicative of quantised vortex cores. We also observed that two accidentally intersecting quantised vortices exchanged their parts, a phenomenon called quantised vortex reconnection. This behaviour closely matches the dynamical scaling of reconnections. Our results provide a new method for visualising and studying impurity-quantised vortex interactions.
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