银河地质学：用古探测器探测时变暗物质信号
Galactic Geology: Probing Time-Varying Dark Matter Signals with Paleo-Detectors
摘要：
古探测器是一种通过读出天然矿物小样本中核反冲造成的损伤轨迹来寻找暗物质的实验技术。与传统的实时直接探测实验不同，古探测器已经积累了长达10亿年的这些轨道。这些长的积分时间提供了一种独特的可能性：通过读出不同年龄的古探测器，人们可以探索兆年到千兆年时间尺度上的信号的时间变化。我们调查了两个例子的暗物质子结构，可以引起这种随时间变化的信号。第一，一个黑暗的圆盘，地球每经过4500万年就会穿过它;第二，地球在过去的十亿年中遇到的一个暗物质次晕。我们表明，古探测器是敏感的，这些例子下各种各样的实验方案，即使在存在大量的背景不确定性。这篇论文表明，古探测器可能是解开我们银河系历史的关键。
英文摘要：
Paleo-detectors are a proposed experimental technique to search for dark matter by reading out the damage tracks caused by nuclear recoils in small samples of natural minerals. Unlike a conventional real-time direct detection experiment, paleo-detectors have been accumulating these tracks for up to a billion years. These long integration times offer a unique possibility: by reading out paleo-detectors of different ages, one can explore the time-variation of signals on megayear to gigayear timescales. We investigate two examples of dark matter substructure that could give rise to such time-varying signals. First, a dark disk through which the Earth would pass every $\sim$45 Myr, and second, a dark matter subhalo that the Earth encountered during the past gigayear. We demonstrate that paleo-detectors are sensitive to these examples under a wide variety of experimental scenarios, even in the presence of substantial background uncertainties. This paper shows that paleo-detectors may hold the key to unraveling our Galactic history.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
