We report the first-ever calculation of the isovector flavor combination of the chiral-odd twist-3 parton distribution $h_L(x)$ for the proton from lattice QCD. We employ gauge configurations with two degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark ($N_f=2+1+1$) of maximally twisted mass fermions with a clover improvement. The lattice has a spatial extent of 3 fm and lattice spacing of 0.093 fm. The values of the quark masses lead to a pion mass of $260$ MeV. We use a source-sink time separation of 1.12 fm to control contamination from excited states. Our calculation is based on the quasi-distribution approach, with three values for the proton momentum: 0.83 GeV, 1.25 GeV, and 1.67 GeV. The lattice data are renormalized non-perturbatively using the RI$'$ scheme, and the final result for $h_L(x)$ is presented in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme at the scale of 2 GeV. Furthermore, we compute in the same setup the transversity distribution, $h_1(x)$, which allows us, in particular, to compare $h_L(x)$ to its Wandzura-Wilczek approximation. We also combine results for the isovector and isoscalar flavor combinations to disentangle the individual quark contributions for $h_1(x)$ and $h_L(x)$, and address the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation in that case as well.
扭曲-3部分子分布包含了表征核子结构的重要信息。在这项工作中,我们展示了我们的扭曲3 PDF $g_T(x)$,和$h_L(x)$的晶格探索。我们还介绍了我们的初步结果扭转-3 GPD $\tilde{G}_2(x)$。我们使用准分布的方法来连接晶格提取的矩阵元素,重整化的RI/ESTA计划,光锥分布,应用匹配程序,我们开发的并行。我们还计算了$g_T(x)$和$h_L(x)$的twist-2对应物,即$g_1(x)$和$h_1(x)$,并检验了Wandzura-Wilczek近似。
Parton Distribution Functions with Twisted Mass Fermions
本文首次用Wilson扭曲质量费米子方法计算了扭曲2算符的π态间矩阵元,它与< x >π介子中价夸克部分子分布函数的最低阶矩有关.使用威尔逊扭曲质量费米子在淬火近似,我们证明,< x >可以计算在小赝标介子质量下降到250兆电子伏的值。我们通过应用临界质量的两种定义来研究这个物理上重要的量的标度行为,并观察到在两种情况下与预期的O(a^2)行为相容的标度。结合连续介质外推法,可以得到可靠的结果,< x >在非常小的赝标介子质量,这是以前不能探索的格点量子色动力学模拟。
Extracting Parton Distribution Functions from Lattice QCD Calculations
部分子分布函数(Parton Distribution Function,PDF)是描述强子与其中夸克和胶子之间关系的非微扰量,我们提出从具有良好“格点截面“的格点QCD计算所产生的“数据”的QCD整体分析中提取PDF,这些“数据”基本上是单强子矩阵元,它们是格点量子色动力学可计算的和微扰QCD可因子化为PDF的.为了证明良好的“格点截面“的存在,我们以Ji [1]引入的准夸克分布为例,说明了如果它可以乘法重整化,那么它可以分解为微扰论中所有阶次的概率密度函数。我们在$α_s$中以次前导顺序计算因子分解系数。