Lebesgue and Vilenkin-Lebesgue points and a.e. Convergence of T means with respect to Vilenkin systems of integrable functions

Multilinear Fourier multipliers on variable Lebesgue spaces

In this paper, we study properties of the bilinear multiplier space. We give a necessary condition for a continuous integrable function to be a bilinear multiplier on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. And we prove the localization theorem of multipliers on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. Moreover, we present a Mihlin-Hörmander type theorem for multilinear Fourier multipliers on weighted variable Lebesgue spaces and give some applications.

On the behavior of integrable functions at infinity

We investigate the behavior of sequences $(f(c_nx))$ for Lebesgue integrable functions $f:\mathbb R^d\to\mathbb R$. In particular, we give a~description of classes of multipliers $(c_n)$ and $(d_n)$ such that $f(c_nx)\to0$ or $\sum_{n=1}^\infty|f(d_nx)|<\infty$ for $λ$ almost every $x\in\mathbb R^d$.

Some notes on commutators of the fractional maximal function on variable Lebesgue spaces

Let $0<α<n$ and $M_α$ be the fractional maximal function. The nonlinear commutator of $M_α$ and a locally integrable function $b$ is given by $[b,M_α](f)=bM_α(f)-M_α(bf)$. In this paper, we mainly give some necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of $[b,M_α]$ on variable Lebesgue spaces when $b$ belongs to Lipschitz or $BMO(\rn)$ spaces, by which some new characterizations for certain subclasses of Lipschitz and $BMO(\rn)$ spaces are obtained.

关于零阶贝塞尔–傅里叶级数的黎曼–勒贝格引理的部分逆命题

A partial converse to the Riemann--Lebesgue lemma for Bessel--Fourier series of order zero

本文证明零阶贝塞尔–傅里叶系数衰减的黎曼–勒贝格引理在 $0\leq α<1/2$ 时存在部分逆命题，并猜想该结论可推广到 $α=1/2$。

关于Lebesgue点处Cesàro均值的Belinsky猜想的一个反例

A Counterexample to Belinsky's Conjecture on Cesàro Means at Lebesgue Points

该研究构造反例，反驳了Belinsky关于凸子序列傅里叶部分和算术均值在Lebesgue点收敛的猜想的充分性部分，明确了相关增长条件并非充要条件。

Integrable fractional mean functions on spaces of homogeneous type

The class of Banach spaces $(L^{q},L^{p}) ^α(X,d,μ)$, $1\leq q\leq α\leq p\leq \infty ,$ introduced in \cite{F1} in connection with the study of the continuity of the fractional maximal operator of Hardy-Littlewood and of the Fourier transformation in the case $% X=\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $μ$ is the Lebesgue measure, was generalized in \cite{FFK} to the setting of homogeneous groups. We generalize it here to spaces of homogeneous type and we prove that the results obtained in \cite{FFK} such as relations between these spaces and Lebesgue spaces, weak Lebesgue and Morrey spaces, remain true.

$\ell^2$-Linear Independence for the System of Integer Translates of a Square Integrable Function

We prove that if the system of integer translates of a square integrable function is $\ell^2$-linear independent then its periodization function is strictly positive almost everywhere. Indeed we show that the above inference is true for any square integrable function since the following statement on Fourier analysis is true: For any (Lebesgue) measurable subset A of [0,1], with positive measure, there exists a non trivial square summable function, with support in A, whose partial sums of Fourier series are uniformly bounded.

Topological and topological linear properties of the Sugeno-Lorentz spaces

The properties of the spaces of Sugeno integrable functions are quite different from those of the ordinary spaces of Lebesgue integrable functions. The purpose of the paper is to further advance our study of the Sugeno-Lorentz spaces, in which the completeness and separability of the spaces were discussed. As a continuation of our previous research, in this paper, some fundamental topological and topological linear properties of the Sugeno-Lorentz spaces are investigated in detail.

The continuous primitive integral in the plane

An integral is defined on the plane that includes the Henstock--Kurzweil and Lebesgue integrals (with respect to Lebesgue measure). A space of primitives is taken as the set of continuous real-valued functions $F(x,y)$ defined on the extended real plane $[-\infty,\infty]^2$ that vanish when $x$ or $y$ is $-\infty$. With usual pointwise operations this is a Banach space under the uniform norm. The integrable functions and distributions (generalised functions) are those that are the distributional derivative $\partial^2/(\partial x\partial y)$ of this space of primitives. If $f=\partial^2/(\part…

Rapidly growing Fourier integrals

The Riemann-Lebesgue Lemma says that the Fourier transform of an absolutely integrable function on the real line tends to zero as the transform parameter tends to infinity. When the integral is allowed to converge conditionally, the transform can have arbitrarily rapid pointwise growth as the transform parameter tends to infinity. Smoothness of the function to be transformed need not decrease growth of the transform.

A note on directly Riemann integrable functions

A non-negative function f, defined on the real line or on a half-line, is said to be directly Riemann integrable (d.R.i.) if the upper and lower Riemann sums of f over the whole (unbounded) domain converge to the same finite limit, as the mesh of the partition vanishes. In this note we show that, for a Lebesgue-integrable function f, very mild conditions are enough to ensure that some n-fold convolution of f with itself is d.R.i.. Applications to renewal theory and to local limit theorems are discussed.

一般狄利克雷积分的勒贝格检验

Lebesgue's test for general Dirichlet's integrals

本文针对塔贝尔斯基引入的一类满足特定极限条件的实值勒贝格局部可积函数，证明了一般狄利克雷积分的勒贝格检验的类似结果，推广了经典三角傅里叶级数中的勒贝格检验。

Statistical extension of classical Tauberian theorems in the case of logarithmic summability of locally integrable functions on $[1,\infty)$

Let $s:[1,\infty) \to \C $ be a locally integrable function in Lebesgue's sense. The logarithmic (also called harmonic) mean of the function $s$ is defined by [τ(t) := \frac 1{\log t} \int_1^t \frac {s(x)}{x} dx, \qquad t>1,] where the logarithm is to base $e$. Besides the ordinary limit $\lim_{x\to \infty} s(x)$, we also use the notion of the so-called statistical limit of $s$ at $\infty$, in notation: $ \stlim_{x\to \infty} s(x)=\ell $, by which we mean that for every $\e>0$, [\lim_{b\to \infty} \frac 1b \Big | \Big {x\in(1,b): |s(x)-\ell| >\e \Big} \Big| = 0.] We also use the ordinary limit…

Gauge-measurable functions

In 1973, E.J. McShane proposed an alternative definition of the Lebesgue integral based on Riemann sums, where gauges are used decide what tagged partitions are allowed. Such an approach does not require any preliminary knowledge of Measure theory. We investigate in this paper a definition of measurable functions also based on gauges. Its relation to the gauge-integrable functions that satisfy McShane's definition is obtained using elementary tools from Real Analysis. We show in particular a dominated integration property of gauge-measurable functions.

On the regular convergence of multiple series of numbers and multiple integrals of locally integrable functions over $\bar{\R}^m_+$

We investigate the regular convergence of the $m$-multiple series $$\sum^\infty_{j_1=0} \sum^\infty_{j_2=0}...\sum^\infty_{j_m=0} \ c_{j_1, j_2,..., j_m}\leqno(*)$$ of complex numbers, where $m\ge 2$ is a fixed integer. We prove Fubini's theorem in the discrete setting as follows. If the multiple series (*) converges regularly, then its sum in Pringsheim's sense can be computed by successive summation. We introduce and investigate the regular convergence of the $m$-multiple integral $$\int^\infty_0 \int^\infty_0...\int^\infty_0 f(t_1, t_2,..., t_m) dt_1 dt_2...dt_m,\leqno(**)$$ where $f: \bar{…

Fourier transform inversion using an elementary differential equation and a contour integral

Let $f$ be a function on the real line. The Fourier transform inversion theorem is proved under the assumption that $f$ is absolutely continuous such that $f$ and $f'$ are Lebesgue integrable. A function $g$ is defined by $f'(t)-iwf(t)=g(t)$. This differential equation has a well known integral solution using the Heaviside step function. An elementary calculation with residues is used to write the Heaviside step function as a simple contour integral. The rest of the proof requires elementary manipulation of integrals. Hence, the Fourier transform inversion theorem is proved with very little ma…

高阶修正梯形法则在勒贝格空间和亚历山德罗夫空间中的应用

Higher order corrected trapezoidal rules in Lebesgue and Alexiewicz spaces

本文研究了在勒贝格和亚历山德罗夫空间中高阶修正梯形法则的积分公式，通过积分分部得到误差估计，并证明了当f为多项式时的精确性。

The regulated primitive integral

A function on the real line is called regulated if it has a left limit and a right limit at each point. If $f$ is a Schwartz distribution on the real line such that $f=F'$ (distributional or weak derivative) for a regulated function $F$ then the regulated primitive integral of $f$ is $\int_{(a,b)}f=F(b-)-F(a+)$, with similar definitions for other types of intervals. The space of integrable distributions is a Banach space and Banach lattice under the Alexiewicz norm. It contains the spaces of Lebesgue and Henstock--Kurzweil integrable functions as continuous embeddings. It is the completion of …

Fourier series with the continuous primitive integral

Fourier series are considered on the one-dimensional torus for the space of periodic distributions that are the distributional derivative of a continuous function. This space of distributions is denoted $\alext$ and is a Banach space under the Alexiewicz norm, $\|f\|_\T =\sup_{|I|\leq 2π}|\int_I f|$, the supremum being taken over intervals of length not exceeding $2π$. It contains the periodic functions integrable in the sense of Lebesgue and Henstock-Kurzweil. Many of the properties of $L^1$ Fourier series continue to hold for this larger space, with the $L^1$ norm replaced by the Alexiewicz …

Fourier transform inversion: Bounded variation, polynomial growth, Henstock--Stieltjes integration

In this paper we prove pointwise and distributional Fourier transform inversion theorems for functions on the real line that are locally of bounded variation, while in a neighbourhood of infinity are Lebesgue integrable or have polynomial growth. We also allow the Fourier transform to exist in the principal value sense. A function is called regulated if it has a left limit and a right limit at each point. The main inversion theorem is obtained by solving the differential equation $df(t)-iωf(t)=g(t)$ for a regulated function $f$, where $ω$ is a complex number with positive imaginary part. This …

Wiener algebras and trigonometric series in a coordinated fashion

Let $W_0(\mathbb R)$ be the Wiener Banach algebra of functions representable by the Fourier integrals of Lebesgue integrable functions. It is proven in the paper that, in particular, a trigonometric series $\sum\limits_{k=-\infty}^\infty c_k e^{ikt}$ is the Fourier series of an integrable function if and only if there exists a $ϕ\in W_0(\mathbb R)$ such that $ϕ(k)=c_k$, $k\in\mathbb Z$. If $f\in W_0(\mathbb R)$, then the piecewise linear continuous function $\ell_f$ defined by $\ell_f(k)=f(k)$, $k\in\mathbb Z$, belongs to $W_0(\mathbb R)$ as well. Moreover, $\|\ell_f\|_{W_0}\le \|f\|_{W_0}$. S…

Estimates for Littlewood--Paley Operators on Ball Campanato-Type Function Spaces

Let $X$ be a ball quasi-Banach function space on ${\mathbb R}^n$ and assume that the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator satisfies the Fefferman--Stein vector-valued maximal inequality on $X$, and let $q\in[1,\infty)$ and $d\in(0,\infty)$. In this article, the authors prove that, for any $f\in \mathcal{L}_{X,q,0,d}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ (the ball Campanato-type function space associated with $X$), the Littlewood--Paley $g$-function $g(f)$ is either infinite everywhere or finite almost everywhere and, in the latter case, $g(f)$ is bounded on $\mathcal{L}_{X,q,0,d}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Similar results for bo…

The Fourier transform on Rearrangement-Invariant Spaces

We study inequalities of the form \begin{equation*} ρ( \lvert \hat{f} \rvert) \leq C σ(f) < \infty, \end{equation*} with $f \in L_{1}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, the Lebesgue-integrable functions on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and \begin{equation*} \hat{f}(ξ) := \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} f(x) \, e^{- 2 πi ξ\cdot x} dx, \ \ \ ξ\in \mathbb{R}^n. \end{equation*} The functionals $ρ$ and $σ$ are so-called rearrangement-invariant (r.i.) norms on $M_{+}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, the nonnegative measurable functions on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Results first proved in the general context of r.i. spaces are then both specialized and expanded on in the …

The one-dimensional heat equation in the Alexiewicz norm

A distribution on the real line has a continuous primitive integral if it is the distributional derivative of a function that is continuous on the extended real line. The space of distributions integrable in this sense is a Banach space that includes all functions integrable in the Lebesgue and Henstock--Kurzweil senses. The one-dimensional heat equation is considered with initial data that is integrable in the sense of the continuous primitive integral. Let $Θ_t(x)=\exp(-x^2/(4t))/\sqrt{4πt}$ be the heat kernel. With initial data $f$ that is the distributional derivative of a continuous funct…

Brezis--Van Schaftingen--Yung Formulae in Ball Banach Function Spaces with Applications to Fractional Sobolev and Gagliardo--Nirenberg Inequalities

Let $X$ be a ball Banach function space on ${\mathbb R}^n$. In this article, under some mild assumptions about both $X$ and the boundedness of the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator on the associate space of the convexification of $X$, the authors prove that, for any locally integrable function $f$ with $\|\,|\nabla f|\,\|_{X}<\infty$, $$\sup_{λ\in(0,\infty)}λ\left \|\left|\left\{y\in{\mathbb R}^n:\ |f(\cdot)-f(y)| >λ|\cdot-y|^{\frac{n}{q}+1}\right\}\right|^{\frac{1}{q}} \right\|_X\sim \|\,|\nabla f|\,\|_X$$ with the positive equivalence constants independent of $f$, where the index $q\in(0,\i…

在半直线上快速递减的函数的谱聚结

Spectral clumping for functions decreasing rapidly on a half-line

本文证明了在半直线上快速递减的函数的Fourier变换会发生谱聚结现象，给出了非零频率聚结的条件，证明了该衰减条件接近最优，并将结果扩展到缓增分布。