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arXiv 2107.01703cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.mes-hall
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三维拓扑绝缘体二维表面的光诱导量子反常霍尔效应

Light-induced quantum anomalous Hall effect on the 2D surfaces of 3D topological insulators

Haowei Xu, Jian Zhou, Ju Li

摘要:

量子反常霍尔效应在没有外加磁场的情况下产生量子化的电荷霍尔电导。它需要非平凡的能带拓扑和时间反演对称性(TRS)破缺。在大多数情况下,人们可以打破时间反演不变拓扑材料的TRS,产生QAH效应,这实质上是一种拓扑相变。由外场/激励引起的传统拓扑相变需要带隙闭合和重新打开的路径。因此,仅当场/刺激的幅度大于临界值时才发生相变。在这项工作中,我们提出,使用无隙表面状态,过渡可以发生在任意弱(但有限)的外部场强。这可以被视为一种非常规的拓扑相变,其中带隙闭合由体边缘对应和对称性保证,而带隙重新打开由外场引起。我们证明了这一概念的三维拓扑绝缘体,如$\rm Bi_2Se_3$,成为二维QAH绝缘体一旦圆偏振光打开,根据范Vleck的有效哈密顿在Floquet时间晶体理论的二维表面状态。量子化陈氏数的符号可以通过光的手征性来控制。这为触发拓扑相变和产生QAH绝缘体提供了方便和动态的方法。

英文摘要:

Quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect generates quantized electric charge Hall conductance without external magnetic field. It requires both nontrivial band topology and time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking. In most cases, one could break the TRS of time-reversal invariant topological materials to yield QAH effect, which is essentially a topological phase transition. Conventional topological phase transition induced by external field/stimulus needs a route along which the bandgap closes and re-opens. Hence, the phase transition occurs only when the magnitude of field/stimulus is larger than a critical value. In this work we propose that using gapless surface states, the transition can happen at arbitrarily weak (but finite) external field strength. This can be regarded as an unconventional topological phase transition, where the bandgap closing is guaranteed by bulk-edge correspondence and symmetries, while the bandgap reopening is induced by external fields. We demonstrate this concept on the 2D surface states of 3D topological insulators like $\rm Bi_2Se_3$, which become 2D QAH insulators once a circularly polarized light is turned on, according to van Vleck's effective Hamiltonian in Floquet time crystal theory. The sign of quantized Chern number can be controlled via the chirality of the light. This provides a convenient and dynamical approach to trigger topological phase transitions and create QAH insulators.

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