BINGO项目III：光学设计和焦平面优化
The BINGO Project III: Optical design and optimisation of the focal plane
摘要：
BINGO望远镜的设计目的是测量中性氢超精细跃迁产生的21厘米辐射的波动，并旨在测量这种波动产生的重子声学振荡，从而为未来更深的强度测绘提供一个探路者。项目第一阶段的要求考虑了一个大型反射器系统（两个40米级的碟形天线，采用交叉Dragone配置），用28个喇叭照亮焦平面，以漂移扫描模式测量两个圆偏振的天空，以测量辐射强度和圆偏振。在本文中，我们提出了该仪器的光学设计。我们描述了光束的强度和偏振特性以及焦平面中喇叭的光学布置，以在阶段1结束后产生均匀且采样良好的地图。我们的分析提供了一个最佳的模型，在焦平面的喇叭的位置，产生一个均匀的和奈奎斯特采样的地图后，标称的调查时间。我们到达一个最佳的光学系统配置，包括焦平面定位和仪器的光束行为。我们提出了一个估计的预期旁瓣的强度和偏振，以及最后的旁瓣上的频带平均的效果。最终配置的交叉偏振泄漏值使我们能够得出结论，光学布置满足项目的要求。我们的结论是，所选择的光学设计满足项目的要求，在偏振纯度，区域覆盖范围以及均匀性的覆盖范围，使BINGO可以执行一个成功的BAO实验。我们进一步得出结论，对安置和r.m.s.的要求。反射镜上的误差也是可以实现的，从而可以进行成功的实验。（节录）
英文摘要：
The BINGO telescope was designed to measure the fluctuations of the 21-cm radiation arising from the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen and aims to measure the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from such fluctuations, therefore serving as a pathfinder to future deeper intensity mapping surveys. The requirements for the Phase 1 of the projects consider a large reflector system (two 40 m-class dishes in a crossed-Dragone configuration), illuminating a focal plane with 28 horns to measure the sky with two circular polarisations in a drift scan mode to produce measurements of the radiation in intensity as well as the circular polarisation. In this paper we present the optical design for the instrument. We describe the intensity and polarisation properties of the beams and the optical arrangement of the horns in the focal plane to produce a homogeneous and well-sampled map after the end of Phase 1. Our analysis provides an optimal model for the location of the horns in the focal plane, producing a homogeneous and Nyquist sampled map after the nominal survey time. We arrive at an optimal configuration for the optical system, including the focal plane positioning and the beam behavior of the instrument. We present an estimate of the expected side lobes both for intensity and polarisation, as well as the effect of band averaging on the final side lobes. The cross polarisation leakage values for the final configuration allow us to conclude that the optical arrangement meets the requirements of the project. We conclude that the chosen optical design meets the requirements for the project in terms of polarisation purity, area coverage as well as homogeneity of coverage so that BINGO can perform a successful BAO experiment. We further conclude that the requirements on the placement and r.m.s. error on the mirrors are also achievable so that a successful experiment can be conducted.(Abridged)
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