用不确定度分析法识别RF和MW微量热计的薄弱点
Identification of RF&MW microcalorimeter weak points by means of uncertainty analysis
摘要：
微量热计被美国国家计量研究所（NMI）用于实现辐射和微波（RF&MW）主功率标准。由于市场上没有，国家管理机构必须设计自己的系统。它涉及复杂机械结构和低噪声数据采集系统的设计。由此产生的设置允许通过应用困难和耗时的测量技术来精确测量RF和MW功率。无论是在机械结构中还是在数据采集电子设备中，为了提高性能而要解决的弱点都不容易识别。无论如何，它们可以通过分析微量热计测量不确定度来找到。近年来，对INRIM（Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica，Italy）同轴微量热计进行了一些改进，目的是使其工作更稳定，并降低测量不确定度。本文通过全面的不确定性预算分析了它的弱点。还详细说明了如何确定不确定性的贡献。本文所用的方法具有通用性，只要分析模型已知，就可以方便地应用于许多其他领域或应用。在设计实验和/或后验时，识别需要优化的设备和测量设置的部分是有用的。
英文摘要：
Microcalorimeters are used by National Metrology Institutes (NMI) for the realization of the Radiofrequency and Microwaves (RF&MW) primary power standard. Since they are not available on the market, NMIs have to design their own systems. It involves the design of complex mechanical structures and of low noise data acquisition systems. Resulting setups allow precision measurements of RF&MW power by applying difficult and time consuming measurement techniques. Weaknesses to be addressed in order to improve the performance, whether in the mechanical structure or in the data acquisition electronics, are not easy to identify. Anyway, they can be found by analyzing the microcalorimeter measurement uncertainty. In recent years, several improvements have been made on the INRIM (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy) coaxial microcalorimeter with the aim of making its operation more stable and to reduce the measurement uncertainty. Its weak points are here analyzed by means of a comprehensive uncertainty budget. Details are also given on how uncertainty contributions have been determined. The method here applied is general and can be conveniently used in many other fields or applications provided that the analytical model is known. It is useful while designing an experiment and/or a posteriori, to identify the parts of the apparatus and of the measurement set-up that need to be optimized.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
