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arXiv 2107.00192astro-ph.SR
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太阳耀斑中平坦光学厚微波谱对源大小和形态的影响

Implications of Flat Optically Thick Microwave Spectra in Solar Flares for Source Size and Morphology

Shaheda Begum Shaik, Dale E. Gary

摘要:

这项研究的目的是检查太阳耀斑中低频、光学厚度的回旋同步微波辐射的光谱动力学,以确定发射源的特征。我们提出了一组微波爆发的观测扩展欧文斯谷太阳能电池阵(EOVSA)在其调试阶段在$2.5-18$ GHz频率范围内与$1$第二时间分辨率的高分辨率光谱。在本研究分析的12个事件中,9个爆发表现出随时间的光学厚光谱指数$α_l$,源形态的指标直接减少。特别地,与均匀/均匀源($α_l\approx2.9$)的预期频谱相比,五个突发显示“平坦”频谱($α_l\leq1.0$)。低频(< $10$ GHz)处的这些平坦光谱可以被定义为来自具有大面积和/或具有多个发射分量的空间不均匀源的发射。在具有部分互相关数据的六个事件的子集中,具有平坦光谱的两个事件在$2.6-3$ GHz处显示出$\sim120$ arcsec的源大小。基于非均匀性的建模支持多个离散源只能再现平坦频谱的结论。我们报告说,这些平坦的光谱主要出现在衰变阶段,通常在大多数爆发的持续时间内增长平坦,这表明随着耀斑的发展,发射量的不均匀性和复杂性不断增加。这种充满被捕获的高能粒子的大量耀斑发射在其他波长下通常是不可见的,比如硬X射线,这可能是由于这些低环境密度和磁场强度的区域中的无碰撞条件。

英文摘要:

The study aims to examine the spectral dynamics of the low-frequency, optically thick gyrosynchrotron microwave emission in solar flares to determine the characteristics of the emitting source. We present the high-resolution spectra of a set of microwave bursts observed by the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) during its commissioning phase in the $2.5-18$ GHz frequency range with $1$ second time resolution. Out of the 12 events analyzed in this study, nine bursts exhibit a direct decrease with time in the optically thick spectral index $α_l$, an indicator of source morphology. Particularly, five bursts display "flat" spectrum ($α_l\leq1.0$) compared to that expected for a homogeneous/uniform source ($α_l\approx2.9$). These flat spectra at the low-frequencies (<$10$ GHz) can be defined as the emission from a spatially inhomogeneous source with a large area and/or with multiple emission components. In a subset of six events with partial cross-correlation data, both the events with flat spectra show a source size of $\sim120$ arcsec at $2.6-3$ GHz. Modeling based on inhomogeneity supports the conclusion that multiple discrete sources can only reproduce a flat spectrum. We report that these flat spectra appear predominantly in the decay phase and typically grow flatter over the duration in most of the bursts, which indicates the increasing inhomogeneity and complexity of the emitting volume as the flare progresses. This large volume of flare emission filled with the trapped energetic particles is often invisible in other wavelengths, like hard X-rays, presumably due to the collisionless conditions in these regions of low ambient density and magnetic field strength.

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