传感器融合对Koopman算子数据驱动学习的影响
The Effect of Sensor Fusion on Data-Driven Learning of Koopman Operators
摘要：
用于系统辨识的字典方法通常依赖于一组测量来学习系统的支配动态。在本文中，我们研究如何融合输出测量与状态测量影响库普曼算子学习问题的字典选择过程。虽然以前的方法使用动态共轭显示在两个不同的数据空间（测量通道）的库普曼本征函数之间的直接联系，我们探讨的具体情况下，输出测量是非线性的，不可逆的系统状态的函数。这种设置反映了许多种类的物理系统的测量约束，例如，生物测量数据，其中一种类型的测量不直接转换为另一种。我们提出了输出约束Koopman算子（OC-KOs）作为一个新的框架来融合两个测量集。我们表明，OC-KO是有效的传感器融合证明，当学习一个Koopman算子，输出测量函数用于约束空间的潜在Koopman可观的和他们的特征函数。此外，可以嵌入低维输出测量，以通知高维模型的Koopman字典函数的选择。我们提出了两种算法，以确定直接从数据的OC-KO表示：直接最优化方法，同时使用状态和输出数据和顺序最优化方法。证明了两个最优化问题的解空间是等价的。我们用一个理论例子和两个数值模拟来说明这些发现。
英文摘要：
Dictionary methods for system identification typically rely on one set of measurements to learn governing dynamics of a system. In this paper, we investigate how fusion of output measurements with state measurements affects the dictionary selection process in Koopman operator learning problems. While prior methods use dynamical conjugacy to show a direct link between Koopman eigenfunctions in two distinct data spaces (measurement channels), we explore the specific case where output measurements are nonlinear, non-invertible functions of the system state. This setup reflects the measurement constraints of many classes of physical systems, e.g., biological measurement data, where one type of measurement does not directly transform to another. We propose output constrained Koopman operators (OC-KOs) as a new framework to fuse two measurement sets. We show that OC-KOs are effective for sensor fusion by proving that when learning a Koopman operator, output measurement functions serve to constrain the space of potential Koopman observables and their eigenfunctions. Further, low-dimensional output measurements can be embedded to inform selection of Koopman dictionary functions for high-dimensional models. We propose two algorithms to identify OC-KO representations directly from data: a direct optimization method that uses state and output data simultaneously and a sequential optimization method. We prove a theorem to show that the solution spaces of the two optimization problems are equivalent. We illustrate these findings with a theoretical example and two numerical simulations.
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