空气传播包膜病毒对室内相对湿度季节变化的敏感性
Sensitivity of airborne transmission of enveloped viruses to seasonal variation in indoor relative humidity
摘要：
在温带气候下，包膜病毒的感染率在冬季达到高峰。虽然这些季节性趋势在流感和人类冠状病毒中已经确立，但对驱动变异的机制仍然知之甚少，因此难以扩展到类似的病毒，如SARS-CoV-2。在这项研究中，我们使用基于正交模型的呼吸气溶胶和液滴（MARAD），以探索空气传播的敏感性，在室内相对湿度的季节性变化在广泛的相关条件下，使用SARS-CoV-2为例。相对湿度影响空气中颗粒的蒸发速率和平衡尺寸，这反过来又可能影响颗粒去除速率和病毒体活力。在一个大的集合的情况下，我们发现，干燥的室内条件下典型的冬季导致较慢的灭活比在更潮湿的夏季;在通风不良的空间，这种灭活率的降低增加了活性病毒体的浓度，但这种效果是重要的，当易感者是远超过2米的下风处的感染者。另一方面，粒子沉降速度随相对湿度的变化并没有显著影响病毒携带场景的去除或传播距离。
英文摘要：
In temperate climates, infection rates of enveloped viruses peak during the winter. While these seasonal trends are established in influenza and human coronaviruses, the mechanisms driving the variation remain poorly understood and thus difficult to extend to similar viruses like SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we use the Quadrature-based model of Respiratory Aerosol and Droplets (QuaRAD) to explore the sensitivity of airborne transmission to the seasonal variation in indoor relative humidity across the wide range of relevant conditions, using SARS-CoV-2 as an example. Relative humidity impacts the evaporation rate and equilibrium size of airborne particles, which in turn may impact particle removal rates and virion viability. Across a large ensemble of scenarios, we found that the dry indoor conditions typical of the winter season lead to slower inactivation than in the more humid summer season; in poorly ventilated spaces, this reduction in inactivation rates increases the concentration of active virions, but this effect was important when the susceptible person was farther than 2 m downwind of the infectious person. On the other hand, changes in particle settling velocity with relative humidity did not significantly affect the removal or travel distance of virus-laden scenarios.
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