JOREK模拟中的碰撞辐射非平衡杂质处理
Collisional-radiative non-equilibrium impurity treatment for JOREK simulations
摘要：
发展了一种适用于JOREK三维非线性磁流体动力学（MHD）模拟的碰撞辐射非平衡杂质处理方法。杂质由沿流体速度场线流动的超粒子表示，同时根据ADAS数据和局部流体密度和温度独立地电离和重组。非平衡杂质的贡献，然后投影回到流场的自洽时间演化。一个2D的测试用例是用来比较新的非平衡杂质模型对以前的日冕平衡（CE）杂质处理，以及比较单和双温度模型之间的非平衡杂质行为。此外，我们与以前发表的日冕非平衡结果进行基准的其他三维非线性MHD程序，如M3 D-C1和NIMROD。新的非平衡处理成功地捕获早期阶段的冷却弱电离杂质CE模型错过了。M3 D-C1和NIMROD的基准测试显示，尽管所使用的原子模型存在差异，但在积分量和2D轮廓演变方面都基本一致。上述比较和基准案例证明了JOREK非平衡杂质模型的能力，为更复杂的3D非线性块状材料注入（MMI）模拟铺平了道路，这些模拟在中断缓解研究中具有重要应用。
英文摘要：
A collisional-radiative non-equilibrium impurity treatment for JOREK 3D nonlinear magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations has been developed. The impurities are represented by super-particles flowing along the fluid velocity field lines, while ionizing and recombining independently according to ADAS data and local fluid density and temperature. The non-equilibrium impurity contributions are then projected back to the fluid field for self-consistent time evolution. A 2D test case is used to compare the new non-equilibrium impurity model against previous Coronal Equilibrium (CE) impurity treatment, as well as to compare the non-equilibrium impurity behavior between the single and the two temperature model. Further, we conduct benchmark with previously published coronal non-equilibrium results by other 3D nonlinear MHD codes such as M3D-C1 and NIMROD. The new non-equilibrium treatment is shown to successfully capture the early phase cooling by weakly ionized impurities which the CE model missed. The benchmarks with M3D-C1 and NIMROD show general agreement in both the integrated quantities and the 2D profile evolution, despite the difference in the atomic model used. The above comparison and benchmark cases demonstrate the capability of the non-equilibrium impurity model for JOREK, paving the way for more sophisticated 3D non-linear Massive Material Injection (MMI) simulations which have important applications in disruption mitigation studies.
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