强相互作用原子驱动非平衡系统中的传染病传播和群体免疫
Epidemic spreading and herd immunity in a driven non-equilibrium system of strongly-interacting atoms
摘要：
了解流行病的空间动态越来越重要。虽然有许多流行病的数学模型，但缺乏具有足够好的控制参数的物理系统，以允许定量模型测试。在微观系统中复制复杂模型的宏观非平衡效应也具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们在实验上证明了一个物理模拟的传染病传播使用光学驱动的非平衡相变在强相互作用的里德伯原子。使用多个激光束，我们可以施加任何所需的空间结构。我们观察到空间局部的相变和它们在样品的不同部分的相互作用。这些相变模拟了传染病在多个地点的爆发，以及不同制度下的群体免疫和地方病状态的动态。报道的结果表明，里德伯系统是通用的，足以模拟复杂的时空动力学。
英文摘要：
It is increasingly important to understand the spatial dynamics of epidemics. While there are numerous mathematical models of epidemics, there is a scarcity of physical systems with sufficiently well-controlled parameters to allow quantitative model testing. It is also challenging to replicate the macro non-equilibrium effects of complex models in microscopic systems. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally a physics analog of epidemic spreading using optically driven non-equilibrium phase transitions in strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. Using multiple laser beams we can impose any desired spatial structure. We observe spatially localized phase transitions and their interplay in different parts of the sample. These phase transitions simulate the outbreak of an infectious disease in multiple locations, as well as the dynamics towards herd immunity and endemic state in different regimes. The reported results indicate that Rydberg systems are versatile enough to model complex spatial-temporal dynamics.
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