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arXiv 2106.11091cond-mat.supr-con
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无序非常规超导体中STM观测量之间的关联

Correlations Among STM Observables in Disordered Unconventional Superconductors

Miguel Antonio Sulangi, W. A. Atkinson, P. J. Hirschfeld

摘要:

在扫描隧道光谱学的新发展,现在允许的约瑟夫森临界电流$I_c$之间的尖端和超导样品,一个几乎直接测量真正的超导序参量的空间分辨测量。然而,目前还不清楚这些$I_c$测量值如何与先前从微分电导测量值中获得的谱隙估计值相关。特别地,最近在铁基超导体上的此类实验发现,$I_c$与从微分电导$g=dI/dV$谱获得的谱隙之间几乎没有相关性,而是报告了$I_c$与相干峰高度之间更显著的相关性。在这里,我们指出,这些不同的量之间的相关性-或缺乏相关性-可以自然地解释为无序对非常规超导性的影响。利用大规模数值模拟的BCS $d$波对哈密顿量与许多杂质势,我们观察到“替代”无序模型与弱点状杂质导致的情况下,真正的超导序参量和$I_c$都是不相关的光谱间隙从$dI/dV$测量和高度相关的相干峰高。潜在的机制似乎是从相干峰的光谱权重的无序引起的转移。另一方面,具有大于晶格常数的长度尺度的平滑杂质势导致真正的超导序参量与谱隙之间的大的正相关性,除了序参量与相干峰高度之间的大的相关性之外。我们讨论了我们的结果的适用性,最近的约瑟夫森扫描隧道光谱实验的铁基和铜酸盐高温超导体。

英文摘要:

New developments in scanning tunneling spectroscopy now allow for the spatially resolved measurement of the Josephson critical current $I_c$ between a tip and a superconducting sample, a nearly direct measurement of the true superconducting order parameter. However, it is unclear how these $I_c$ measurements are correlated with previous estimates of the spectral gap taken from differential conductance measurements. In particular, recent such experiments on an iron-based superconductor found almost no correlation between $I_c$ and the spectral gap obtained from differential conductance $g=dI/dV$ spectra, reporting instead a more significant correlation between $I_c$ and the the coherence-peak height. Here we point out that the correlation--or the lack thereof--between these various quantities can be naturally explained by the effect of disorder on unconventional superconductivity. Using large scale numerical simulations of a BCS $d$-wave pair Hamiltonian with many-impurity potentials, we observe that "substitutional" disorder models with weak pointlike impurities lead to a situation in which the true superconducting order parameter and $I_c$ are both uncorrelated with the spectral gap from $dI/dV$ measurements and highly correlated with the coherence-peak heights. The underlying mechanism appears to be the disorder-induced transfer of spectral weight away from the coherence peaks. On the other hand, smooth impurity potentials with a length scale larger than the lattice constant lead to a large positive correlation between the true superconducting order parameter and the spectral gap, in addition to a large correlation between the order parameter and the coherence-peak height. We discuss the applicability of our results to recent Josephson scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments on iron-based and cuprate high-temperature superconductors.

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