折纸开关的精细记忆结构
The delicate memory structure of origami switches
摘要：
虽然记忆效应出现在长度和时间尺度变化很大的系统中，但将具有许多相互作用的元素的复杂系统简化为一个足够简单的系统，以便在不丢失复杂行为的情况下进行理解，仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们研究如何通过可调交互式记忆行为提供这样的减少圆柱形折纸。我们的调查基础上折叠的Kresling模式，作为两个状态的记忆单元的功能。通过连接几个单元，每个单元具有选定的活化能，我们构建了一个一维材料，表现出返回点记忆。在综合实验分析了图案的几何形状与单个位的机械响应之间的关系之后，我们研究了由4位串联排列的波纹管的记忆。由于这些位是解耦的，系统简化为Preisach模型，我们可以通过遵循规定的压缩和伸展顺序将波纹管驱动到其16个允许状态中的任何一个。我们展示了如何合理地区分状态，通过测量系统的总高度和刚度接近平衡。此外，我们建立了几何不允许的缺陷的稳定配置，扩展配置空间到64个国家与一个更复杂的过渡模式的存在。使用经验考虑的力学，我们分析了相应的图，其中包括伊甸园国家和子图的层次结构。我们强调两个不可逆的转变，移位和擦除的缺陷，导致记忆行为让人想起那些观察到的更复杂的玻璃系统。
英文摘要：
While memory effects emerge from systems of wildly varying length- and time-scales, the reduction of a complex system with many interacting elements into one simple enough to be understood without also losing the complex behavior continues to be a challenge. Here, we investigate how bistable cylindrical origamis provide such a reduction via tunably-interactive memory behaviors. We base our investigation on folded sheets of Kresling patterns that function as two-state memory units. By linking several units, each with a selected activation energy, we construct a one-dimensional material that exhibits return-point memory. After a comprehensive experimental analysis of the relation between the geometry of the pattern and the mechanical response for a single bit, we study the memory of a bellows composed of 4 bits arranged in series. Since these bits are decoupled, the system reduces to the Preisach model and we can drive the bellows to any of its 16 allowable states by following a prescribed sequence of compression and extension. We show how to reasonably discriminate between states by measuring the system's total height and stiffness near equilibrium. Furthermore, we establish the existence of geometrically-disallowed defective stable configurations which expand the configuration space to 64 states with a more complex transition pattern. Using empirical considerations of the mechanics, we analyze the hierarchical structure of the corresponding diagram, which includes Garden of Eden states and subgraphs. We highlight two irreversible transformations, shifting and erasure of the defect, leading to memory behaviors reminiscent of those observed with more complex glassy systems.
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