定向渗流相变的莱顿弗罗斯特效应
The Leidenfrost effect as a directed percolation phase transition
摘要：
沉积在热固体上的挥发性液滴可以悬浮在它们自己的蒸汽垫上，而不接触表面。我们建议了解发病的这种所谓的莱顿弗罗斯特效应，通过类比表现出定向渗滤相变的非平衡系统。当执行过热的固体的影响，我们观察到一个制度的时空不稳定性，局部湿补丁共存的衬底上的干燥区域。我们报告的临界表面温度，这标志着悬浮和接触共存的温度范围大的上限。在此范围内，随着温度的降低，平衡湿分数从零到一连续增加。此外，时空间歇制度的统计性质是一致的定向渗流普适类。这个类比使我们能够重新定义莱顿弗罗斯特温度，并阐明了控制向莱顿弗罗斯特状态转变的物理机制。
英文摘要：
Volatile drops deposited on a hot solid can levitate on a cushion of their own vapor, without contacting the surface. We propose to understand the onset of this so-called Leidenfrost effect through an analogy to non-equilibrium systems exhibiting a directed percolation phase transition. When performing impacts on superheated solids, we observe a regime of spatiotemporal intermittency in which localized wet patches coexist with dry regions on the substrate. We report a critical surface temperature, which marks the upper bound of a large range of temperatures in which levitation and contact coexist. In this range, with decreasing temperature, the equilibrium wet fraction increases continuously from zero to one. Also, the statistical properties of the spatio-temporally intermittent regime are in agreement with that of the directed percolation universality class. This analogy allows us to redefine the Leidenfrost temperature and shed light on the physical mechanisms governing the transition to the Leidenfrost state.
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