TOI-1278 B：SPIRou揭开了一颗罕见的褐矮星伴星的面纱，它在一颗M矮星周围的近距离轨道上运行
TOI-1278 B: SPIRou unveils a rare Brown Dwarf Companion in Close-In Orbit around an M dwarf
摘要：
我们发现了M0 V恒星TOI-1278的一颗$18.5\pm0.5$ M $_{\rm Jup}$褐矮星（BD）伴星。该系统最初是通过TESS测光中的深凌发现的，进一步的分析表明它是一个小行星大小的天体的掠凌。在加拿大-法国-夏威夷望远镜（CFHT）进行的300夜SPIRou遗产巡天（SLS）的框架内，利用SPIRou近红外高分辨率速度计和分光偏振计对径向速度（RV）进行了跟踪，导致探测到开普勒RV信号，其半振幅为$2306\pm10$ m/s，与14.5天的凌日周期同相，具有轻微但非零的偏心率。中间质量比（$M_\star/M_{\rm{comp}} \sim31$）在已知的M-矮星系统中具有如此短的间隔（$0.095\pm0.001$ AU）是唯一的。有趣的是，有着相似质量比的M矮星-棕矮星系统存在着几十到几千个天文单位的分离。
英文摘要：
We present the discovery of an $18.5\pm0.5$M$_{\rm Jup}$ brown dwarf (BD) companion to the M0V star TOI-1278. The system was first identified through a percent-deep transit in TESS photometry; further analysis showed it to be a grazing transit of a Jupiter-sized object. Radial velocity (RV) follow-up with the SPIRou near-infrared high-resolution velocimeter and spectropolarimeter in the framework of the 300-night SPIRou Legacy Survey (SLS) carried out at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) led to the detection of a Keplerian RV signal with a semi-amplitude of $2306\pm10$ m/s in phase with the 14.5-day transit period, having a slight but non-zero eccentricity. The intermediate-mass ratio ($M_\star/M_{\rm{comp}} \sim31$) is unique for having such a short separation ($0.095\pm0.001$ AU) among known M-dwarf systems. Interestingly, M dwarf-brown dwarf systems with similar mass ratios exist with separations of tens to thousands of AUs.
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