Broadband X-ray spectral variability of the pulsing ULX NGC 1313 X-2
A. Robba, C. Pinto, D. J. Walton, R. Soria, P. Kosec, F. Pintore, T. P. Roberts, W. N. Alston, M. Middleton, G. Cusumano, H. P. Earnshaw, F. Fuerst, R. Sathyapr… 展开作者
A. Robba, C. Pinto, D. J. Walton, R. Soria, P. Kosec, F. Pintore, T. P. Roberts, W. N. Alston, M. Middleton, G. Cusumano, H. P. Earnshaw, F. Fuerst, R. Sathyaprakash, E. Kyritsis, A. C. Fabian
备注:
19 pages, including 10 figures and 8 tables, accepted for pubblication in A&A
最近发现的X射线脉动和相对论风表明,超铝X射线源(ULX)主要由超爱丁顿吸积中子星或黑洞提供动力。本文对脉冲ULX NGC 1313 X-2近二十年的光谱演化进行了跟踪研究,以了解吸积盘的结构。其主要目的是通过研究它们随光源光度变化的变化来确定主要光谱成分的形状和性质。我们已经进行了光谱分析的所有高信号噪声XMM-牛顿观测的典型的0.3-10千电子伏的能量带,我们已经测试了一些不同的光谱模型,这应该近似超爱丁顿吸积盘。基线模型由两个具有不同温度的热黑体组件加上指数截止幂律组成。特别是,更热和更亮的热分量描述了来自超爱丁顿内盘的发射和截止幂律的贡献,从中子星的吸积柱。相反,较冷的分量描述了来自接近球化半径的圆盘外部区域的发射和风。冷分量的亮度-温度关系遵循负趋势,这与L $\propto$ T $^4$不一致,正如预期从亚爱丁顿薄盘的Shakura-Sunayev,也与L $\propto$ T $^2$,预期对流为主的光盘,但会同意与风为主的X射线发射区。相反,较热分量的(L,T)关系介于前两种理论情景之间。我们的研究结果同意超级爱丁顿的情况下,并提供进一步的细节光盘结构。源光谱演化在性质上类似于在NGC 1313 X-1和Holmberg IX X-1中看到的。
英文摘要:
It is thought that ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are mainly powered by super-Eddington accreting neutron stars or black holes as shown by recent discovery of X-ray pulsations and relativistic winds. This work presents a follow up study of the spectral evolution over two decades of the pulsing ULX NGC 1313 X-2, in order to understand the structure of the accretion disc. The primary objective is to determine the shape and nature of the dominant spectral components by investigating their variability with the changes in the source luminosity. We have performed a spectral analysis over the canonical 0.3-10 keV energy band of all the high signal-to-noise XMM-Newton observations, and we have tested a number of different spectral models, which should approximate super-Eddington accretion discs. The baseline model consists of two thermal blackbody components with different temperatures plus an exponential cutoff powerlaw. In particular, the hotter and brighter thermal component describes the emission from the super-Eddington inner disc and the cutoff powerlaw the contribution from the accretion column of the neutron star. Instead, the cooler component describes the emission from the outer region of the disc close to the spherisation radius and the wind. The luminosity-temperature relation for the cool component follows a negative trend, which is not consistent with L$\propto$T$^4$, as expected from a sub-Eddington thin disc of Shakura-Sunayev, nor with L$\propto$T$^2$, as expected for advection-dominated disc, but would rather agree with a wind-dominated X-ray emitting region. Instead, the (L,T) relation for the hotter component is somewhere in between the first two theoretical scenarios. Our findings agree with the super-Eddington scenario and provide further detail on the disc structure. The source spectral evolution is qualitatively similar to that seen in NGC1313 X-1 and HolmbergIX X-1.
Broadband X-ray Spectral Study of Ultra-luminous X-ray Source M81 X--6
超亮X射线源(ULX)是一类银河系外的、点状的、非核X射线源,其X射线亮度从$\sim 10^{39}$ ~erg s $^{-1}$到$10^{41}$ ~erg s $^{-1}$。利用同步观测的\textit{Suzaku}和\textit{NuSTAR}研究了ULX M81~X-6的时间和宽频带X射线光谱特性。为了了解源的性质,我们使用\textit{NuSTAR}观测来搜索来自源的脉动信号。然而,我们未能从源头识别出任何强烈的脉动信号。另外,吸积磁中子星连续体模型的宽带光谱模型提供了一个统计上可接受的拟合,推断的光谱参数和X射线颜色与其他脉动ULX一致。因此,我们的分析表明,M81~X-6是另一个候选的ULX脉冲星。
A Broadband X-ray Analysis and Optical Counterpart Search of IC5052 ULX
University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学);European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC)(欧洲空间天文中心);Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院喷气推进实验室);Durham University(杜伦大学);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari(意大利国家天体物理研究所卡利亚里天文台);University of Southampton(南安普顿大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院)
X-ray spectral cut-off and the lack of hard X-ray emission from two ultraluminous X-ray sources M81 X-6 and Holmberg IX X-1
利用Suzaku和XMM-Newton观测数据,对两个超亮X射线源(ULX)M81 X-6和Holmberg IX X-1进行了宽带X射线谱研究。我们进行联合宽带光谱分析的领域中最亮的源,即两个ULX和活动星系核(AGN)在M81,并证明了X射线光谱的ULX截止能量超过约3 keV,在朱雀HXD/PIN带的高能量的贡献可以忽略不计。在10- 30 keV波段,M81 X-6和Holmberg IX X-1的亮度上限分别为3.5e38ergs/s和1.2e39ergs/s。这些极限比M81 X-6的6.8e39ergs/s和Holmberg IX X-1的1.9e40 ergs/s的辐射热光度(0.1-30 keV)低一个数量级以上。我们的研究结果证实了早期的迹象推断,从明亮的ULX的XMM-牛顿观测光谱截止,并表明,没有一个额外的高能量幂律分量显着贡献的X射线发射。这两个ULX的光谱形式与银河系黑洞X射线双星(BHB)或活动星系核(AGN)的光谱形式有很大不同。这意味着ULX既不是恒星质量BHB的简单放大版本,也不是AGN的缩小版本。
Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata(拉普拉塔国立大学天文与地球物理科学学院);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)(加那利天体物理研究所);Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学天体物理学系);Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (CCT La Plata, CONICET(阿根廷射电天文学研究所);CICPBA;UNLP)
NuSTAR, XMM-Newton and Suzaku Observations of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source Holmberg II X-1
我们提出了第一个宽带0.3-25.0 kev的X射线观测明亮的超亮X射线源(ULX)Holmberg II X-1,由NuSTAR,XMM-Newton和朱雀在2013年9月。NuSTAR的数据提供了Holmberg II X-1在10 keV以上的首次观测,并揭示了一个非常陡峭的高能光谱,类似于NuSTAR迄今为止观测到的其他ULX。这些观测结果进一步表明,ULX表现出的光谱状态通常不会出现在银河系黑洞双星。与其它源的比较表明Holmberg II X-1的吸积率很高,甚至可能超过了Eddington吸积率,软X射线谱(E<10 keV)似乎由两个类黑体发射分量主导,其中较热的一个可能与一个吸积盘有关。然而,所有简单的磁盘模型低于预测的NuSTAR数据以上~10 keV,并需要一个额外的发射组件在最高的能量探测,这意味着NuSTAR数据不下降与维恩光谱。我们调查这样一个额外的高能量的发射组件的物理起源,并赞成的情况下,多余的康普顿散射产生的热电晕的电子与一些属性类似的非常高的状态中看到的银河双星。从这些历元中推断出观测到的0.3-25.0 keV宽波段光度为Lx =(8.1+/-0.1 e39 erg/s,这是Holmberg II X-1的典型特征,大部分通量(约90%)在10 keV以下发射。