一个世纪以来暗条的太阳活动周期演化：用Meudon和McIntosh手绘档案进行的研究
Solar Cycle Evolution of Filaments over a Century: Investigations with the Meudon and McIntosh Hand-drawn Archives
摘要：
来自默东天文台（1919年起）和麦金托什档案馆（1967年起）的手绘天气图是两个重要的长期人工记录暗条观测资料来源。在这项研究中，我们校准的Meudon地图，并随后通过自动化的方法来识别细丝。我们从这个暗条数据库中提取物理参数，并对它们的长期演变进行比较研究，重点关注麦金托什和默登观测的同时期。暗条的时空演化以暗条蝴蝶图的形式表现出来，进一步表明它们与大尺度太阳活动周期密切相关。物理描述符，如灯丝的数量和长度，这是太阳表面磁场的示踪剂，具有与11年太阳黑子周期锁相的周期。倾斜角分布的灯丝-无论是附近或远离活动区的位置-表明，它们的起源是由于大规模的表面磁场或相互作用的区域场的演变。这项研究为构建一系列手绘暗条数据铺平了道路，这些数据具有最小的间隙，将太阳暗条观测的时间跨度扩展到一个世纪。一方面，这将为多个太阳活动周期内太阳表面磁场的出现和演化模型提供有用的约束，另一方面，这一暗条数据库可用于指导空间时代之前与太阳活动相关的爆发事件的重建
英文摘要：
Hand-drawn synoptic maps from the Meudon Observatory (1919 onwards) and the McIntosh archive (1967 onwards) are two important sources of long-term, manually recorded filament observations. In this study, we calibrate the Meudon maps and subsequently identify filaments through an automated method. We extract physical parameters from this filament database and perform a comparative study of their long-term evolution focusing on the cotemporal period of McIntosh and Meudon observations. The spatio-temporal evolution of filaments manifests in the form of a filament butterfly diagram, indicating further that they are intimately related to the large-scale solar cycle. Physical descriptors such as the number and length of filaments, which are tracers of solar surface magnetic field, have cycles which are phase-locked with the 11 year sunspot cycle. The tilt angle distribution of filaments - both near or distant from active region locations - indicates that their origin is due to either large-scale surface magnetic field or inter-active region field evolution. This study paves the way for constructing a composite series of hand-drawn filament data with minimal gaps stretching the time span of solar filament observations to a century. On the one hand, this would serve as useful constraints for models of magnetic field emergence and evolution on the Sun's surface over multiple solar cycles, and on the other hand, this filament database may be used to guide the reconstruction of filament-prominence associated eruptive events before the space age
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