揭秘量子力学
Demystifying Quantum Mechanics
摘要：
为什么像量子力学这样成功的理论会有这么多的谜团？这一理论的历史充满了可疑的解释和争议，然而，对它的预测的了解却促成了过去一百年令人惊叹的技术革命。爱因斯坦在一开始就指出，由于与相对论的矛盾，缺少了一些东西。因此，尽管量子力学解释了所有纳米尺度的物理现象，但人们还是多次尝试寻找一种方法来“完成”它，例如隐变量理论。在本文中，我们将讨论其中的一些谜团，特别关注量子力学强加的物理实在的概念，观察者的作用，预测极限，坍缩的定义，以及如何处理关联态（量子计算机和量子隐形传态的基本策略）。这种讨论是在接受事实上没有什么重要的东西遗漏的框架内进行的，相反，我们只是受到了量子力学施加的限制。因此，通过对这些限制的适当解释来解释这些奥秘，这是通过在哥本哈根范式中引入两个解释规则来实现的。
英文摘要：
Why does such a successful theory like Quantum Mechanics have so many mysteries? The history of this theory is replete with dubious interpretations and controversies, and yet a knowledge of its predictions, however, contributed to the amazing technological revolution of the last hundred years. In its very beginning Einstein pointed out that there was something missing, due to contradictions with the relativity theory. So, even though Quantum Mechanics explains all the nanoscale physical phenomena, there were many attempts to find a way to "complete" it, e.g. hidden-variable theories. In this paper, we discuss some of those enigmas, with special attention to the concepts of physical reality imposed by quantum mechanics, the role of the observer, prediction limits, a definition of collapse, and how to deal with correlated states (the basic strategy for quantum computers and quantum teleportation). That discussion is carried out within the framework of accepting that there is in fact nothing important missing, rather we are just restricted by the limitations imposed by quantum mechanics. The mysteries are thus explained by a proper interpretation of those limitations, which is achieved by introducing two interpretation rules within the Copenhagen paradigm.
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