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arXiv 2106.02136cs.RO
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利用自动化中的信任增强驾驶员与(半)自动驾驶汽车的互动并提高团队绩效

Using Trust in Automation to Enhance Driver-(Semi)Autonomous Vehicle Interaction and Improve Team Performance

University of Michigan-Ann Arbor(密歇根大学安娜堡分校)

Hebert Azevedo-Sa, X. Jessie Yang, Lionel P. Robert, Dawn M. Tilbury

摘要:

机器人中的信任一直受到多个方向的关注,因为它在人机交互的理论描述中具有特殊的相关性。这对于实现社会对机器人技术的高接受度和使用率以及实现有效的人机合作至关重要。研究人员一直在试图模拟机器人信任的发展,以改善人类和机器人之间的整体关系。不幸的是,对自动化的信任的错误校准是一个常见的问题,危及自动化使用的有效性。当用户的信任级别不适合所使用的自动化功能时,就会发生这种情况。用户可以是:不信任自动化--由于缺乏信任,他们不使用机器可以正确执行的功能;或者过度信任自动化--由于过度信任,他们在机器功能不足的情况下使用机器。这项工作的主要目标是研究驾驶员的信任发展的ADS。我们的目标是对风险因素(例如:来自ADS的错误警报和失误)以及与这些风险因素相关联的短期相互作用影响驾驶员对ADS的信任的动态。驾驶情境有助于仪器测量信任行为,例如驾驶员的眼球运动和自动化特征的使用时间。我们的研究结果表明,一个可靠的表征驾驶员的信任行为和随之而来的信任水平的估计是可能的。我们预计,这些技术将允许ADS的设计能够适应他们的行为,试图调整司机的信任水平。这种能力可以避免信任不足和过度信任,这可能会损害他们的安全或他们的表现。

英文摘要:

Trust in robots has been gathering attention from multiple directions, as it has special relevance in the theoretical descriptions of human-robot interactions. It is essential for reaching high acceptance and usage rates of robotic technologies in society, as well as for enabling effective human-robot teaming. Researchers have been trying to model the development of trust in robots to improve the overall rapport between humans and robots. Unfortunately, the miscalibration of trust in automation is a common issue that jeopardizes the effectiveness of automation use. It happens when a user's trust levels are not appropriate to the capabilities of the automation being used. Users can be: under-trusting the automation -- when they do not use the functionalities that the machine can perform correctly because of a lack of trust; or over-trusting the automation -- when, due to an excess of trust, they use the machine in situations where its capabilities are not adequate. The main objective of this work is to examine driver's trust development in the ADS. We aim to model how risk factors (e.g.: false alarms and misses from the ADS) and the short-term interactions associated with these risk factors influence the dynamics of drivers' trust in the ADS. The driving context facilitates the instrumentation to measure trusting behaviors, such as drivers' eye movements and usage time of the automated features. Our findings indicate that a reliable characterization of drivers' trusting behaviors and a consequent estimation of trust levels is possible. We expect that these techniques will permit the design of ADSs able to adapt their behaviors to attempt to adjust driver's trust levels. This capability could avoid under- and over-trusting, which could harm their safety or their performance.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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