Conversational agents (CAs) represent an emerging research field in health information systems, where there are great potentials in empowering patients with timely information and natural language interfaces. Nevertheless, there have been limited attempts in establishing prescriptive knowledge on designing CAs in the healthcare domain in general, and diabetes care specifically. In this paper, we conducted a Design Science Research project and proposed three design principles for designing health-related CAs that embark on artificial intelligence (AI) to address the limitations of existing solutions. Further, we instantiated the proposed design and developed AMANDA - an AI-based multilingual CA in diabetes care with state-of-the-art technologies for natural-sounding localised accent. We employed mean opinion scores and system usability scale to evaluate AMANDA's speech quality and usability, respectively. This paper provides practitioners with a blueprint for designing CAs in diabetes care with concrete design guidelines that can be extended into other healthcare domains.
Diabetica: Adapting Large Language Model to Enhance Multiple Medical Tasks in Diabetes Care and Management
Qing Yuan Research Institute, SEIEE, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院清源研究院）；Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University（复旦大学附属中山医院）；Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Affiliated to Fudan University（复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院）
Planning a Community Approach to Diabetes Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Using Optimization
Department of Operations and Analytics, University of Texas at San Antonio（运营管理与分析系，德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校）；Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa（奥多恩大学泰弗管理学院）；Max Institute of Healthcare Management, Indian School of Business（印度商学院医疗管理研究所）；Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison（工业与系统工程系，威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）
Large Language Model-Powered Conversational Agent Delivering Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) for Family Caregivers: Enhancing Empathy and Therapeutic Alliance Using In-Context Learning
Florida State University（佛罗里达州立大学）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）
Using a Personal Health Library-Enabled mHealth Recommender System for Self-Management of Diabetes Among Underserved Populations: Use Case for Knowledge Graphs and Linked Data
Oak Ridge National Laboratory（橡树岭国家实验室）；The University of Tennessee Health Science Center（田纳西大学健康科学中心）
Hear You in Silence: Designing for Active Listening in Human Interaction with Conversational Agents Using Context-Aware Pacing
The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, SAR China Columbia University New York United States；Renmin University of China Beijing China；City University of Hong Kong\ for Narrative Spaces Hong Kong, SAR China Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China；City University of Hong Kong\ for Narrative Spaces Hong Kong, SAR China；The University of Hong Kong；Columbia University；Renmin University of China；City University of Hong Kong\ for Narrative Spaces；Guangdong University of Technology
A Review of Challenges in Speech-based Conversational AI for Elderly Care
Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (Amsterdam UMC)（阿姆斯特丹大学医学中心（阿姆斯特丹UMC））；Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)（莱顿大学医学中心（LUMC））；Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS)（莱顿高级计算机科学研究所（LIACS））
Artificial Intelligence and Diabetes Mellitus: An Inside Look Through the Retina
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences（大不里士医科大学）；Nikookari Eye Center（尼库卡里眼科中心）；Tabriz Islamic Art University（大不里士伊斯兰艺术大学）；Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University（迪肯大学智能系统研究与创新研究所）；National Heart Centre Singapore（新加坡国家心脏中心）；Duke-NUS Medical School（杜克-新加坡国立大学医学院）；The George Institute for Global Health（乔治全球健康研究所）；Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney（悉尼大学悉尼医学院）；School of Mathematics, Physics, and Computing, University of Southern Queensland（南昆士兰大学数学、物理与计算学院）；Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland（南昆士兰大学健康研究中心）
AI-Enabled Conversational Journaling for Advancing Parkinson's Disease Symptom Tracking
University of Massachusetts Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；New York University（纽约大学）；University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School（马萨诸塞大学陈医学院）；Carleton University（卡尔顿大学）；Tableau Research（Tableau研究院）
Inform, Coach, Relate, Listen: Auditing LLM Caregiving Support Roles
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；University of Massachusetts Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；OSF HealthCare（OSF医疗集团）；Indiana University Indianapolis（印第安纳大学印第安纳波利斯分校）
