植物–传粉者互利共生网络的结构动力学
Structural dynamics of plant-pollinator mutualistic networks
AI总结：
本文分析20个植物–传粉者网络的时间结构，并用合成模型考察群落规模与连接度，发现兼具模块性与嵌套性的复合结构可在稳定性和可行性间取得良好平衡。
摘要：
围绕互利共生相互作用结构组织的讨论主要集中在模块性和嵌套性上。众所周知，前者能够增强群落的稳定性，而后者与其可行性相关，但会损害稳定性。然而，近期研究表明，这些结构的共同出现带来了挑战，最终可能限制互利共生群落的动力学性质。我们假设，考虑复合结构安排——即具有内部嵌套组织的模块——能够为这一争论提供有价值的见解。我们分析了20个植物–传粉者相互作用网络的时间结构动力学，观察到全年存在很大的结构变异性。复合结构在授粉季节高峰期尤为普遍，并且常与不同程度的嵌套和模块化安排共存。受这些经验发现的启发，我们在两个控制参数——群落规模和连接度水平——下综合研究结构模式的动力学，以模拟授粉季节的推进。我们的分析揭示了这些互利共生群落在稳定性和可行性方面所受的相反影响。我们刻画了网络结构与稳定性之间一致的关系，该关系遵循单调模式。但在可行性方面，我们观察到非线性关系。复合结构在稳定性和可行性之间表现出有利的平衡，尤其是在中型生态群落中，这表明它们可能有效兼顾稳定性与可行性的同时要求。这些发现可能表明，互利共生群落的组装过程由多种性质之间的微妙平衡驱动，而非由单一性质主导。
英文摘要：
The discourse surrounding the structural organization of mutualistic interactions mostly revolves around modularity and nestedness. The former is known to enhance the stability of communities, while the latter is related to their feasibility, albeit compromising the stability. However, it has recently been shown that the joint emergence of these structures poses challenges that can eventually lead to limitations in the dynamic properties of mutualistic communities. We hypothesize that considering compound arrangements -- modules with internal nested organization -- can offer valuable insights in this debate. We analyze the temporal structural dynamics of 20 plant-pollinator interaction networks and observe large structural variability throughout the year. Compound structures are particularly prevalent during the peak of the pollination season, often coexisting with nested and modular arrangements in varying degrees. Motivated by these empirical findings, we synthetically investigate the dynamics of the structural patterns across two control parameters -- community size and connectance levels -- mimicking the progression of the pollination season. Our analysis reveals contrasting impacts on the stability and feasibility of these mutualistic communities. We characterize the consistent relationship between network structure and stability, which follows a monotonic pattern. But, in terms of feasibility, we observe non-linear relationships. Compound structures exhibit a favorable balance between stability and feasibility, particularly in mid-sized ecological communities, suggesting they may effectively navigate the simultaneous requirements of stability and feasibility. These findings may indicate that the assembly process of mutualistic communities is driven by a delicate balance among multiple properties, rather than the dominance of a single one.
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