亲属结构与世系系统的涌现：多层次演化模拟与经验数据分析
Emergence of Kinship Structures and Descent Systems: Multi-level Evolutionary Simulation and Empirical Data Analysis
摘要：
在许多土著社会中，人们被分为几个文化群体或氏族，他们相信在这些文化群体中有共同的祖先。宗族属性为婚姻和血统提供了某些规则。氏族之间的这种规则构成了亲属关系结构。人类学家揭示了几种亲属关系结构。在这里，我们提出了一个基于代理的土著社会模型，以揭示亲属结构的演变。在这个模型中，几个社会相互竞争。社会本身由多个家庭组成，这些家庭具有文化特征和择偶偏好的参数。这些价值观决定了每个家庭与谁合作和竞争，并通过突变传递给新一代。每个家庭的增长率取决于合作者和竞争者的数量。通过这种多层次的演变，家庭特征和偏好分化，形成可被视为氏族的集群。随后，出现了亲属结构，包括双重组织和普遍或限制性交换，以及父系，母系和双重血统系统。这些结构的出现取决于合作的必要性和交配竞争的强度。他们的依赖性也估计分析。最后，使用全球人种学数据库标准跨文化样本的统计分析，实证验证了理论结果。这种理论和经验方法之间的合作将揭示人类学的普遍特征。
英文摘要：
In many indigenous societies, people are categorised into several cultural groups, or clans, within which they believe to share ancestors. Clan attributions provide certain rules for marriage and descent. Such rules between clans constitute kinship structures. Anthropologists have revealed several kinship structures. Here, we propose an agent-based model of indigenous societies to reveal the evolution of kinship structures. In the model, several societies compete. Societies themselves comprise multiple families with parameters for cultural traits and mate preferences. These values determine with whom each family cooperates and competes and are transmitted to a new generation with mutation. The growth rate of each family is determined by the number of cooperators and competitors. Through this multi-level evolution, family traits and preferences diverge to form clusters that can be regarded as clans. Subsequently, kinship structures emerge, including dual organisation and generalised or restricted exchange, as well as patrilineal, matrilineal, and double descent systems. These structures emerge depending on the necessity of cooperation and the strength of mating competition. Their dependence is also estimated analytically. Finally, statistical analysis using the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, a global ethnographic database, empirically verified theoretical results. Such collaboration between theoretical and empirical approaches will unveil universal features in anthropology.
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