强透镜引力波事件的快速精确搜索和分析方法
A fast and precise methodology to search for and analyse strongly lensed gravitational-wave events
摘要：
引力波和光一样，可以被星系和星系团等大质量天体引力透镜化。强大的引力波透镜效应，在地面引力波探测器（如高级LIGO、高级Virgo和KAGRA）中以合理的速率预测，产生多个图像，时间间隔为几分钟到几个月。这些图像在探测器中表现为重复的事件：引力波对、三重波或四重波，它们具有相同的频率演变，来自同一个天空位置。为了寻找这些图像，原则上，我们需要分析引力波目录中存在的单个事件的所有可行组合。一个日益紧迫的问题是，我们需要分析的候选对的数量随着单事件检测数量的增加而迅速增长。在设计敏感性方面，可能需要考虑多达$\mathcal O(10^5)$的事件对。为了满足不断增长的计算需求，我们开发了一种快速精确的贝叶斯方法来分析强透镜事件对，从而实现未来的搜索。该方法的工作原理是用另一幅图像的后验来替换一幅强透镜引力波图像分析中使用的先验;然后通过预先计算的查找表进一步加快计算速度。我们演示了如何将该方法应用于任何数量的透镜图像，使快速研究强透镜四联体。
英文摘要：
Gravitational waves, like light, can be gravitationally lensed by massive astrophysical objects such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. Strong gravitational-wave lensing, forecasted at a reasonable rate in ground-based gravitational-wave detectors such as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA, produces multiple images separated in time by minutes to months. These images appear as repeated events in the detectors: gravitational-wave pairs, triplets, or quadruplets with identical frequency evolution originating from the same sky location. To search for these images, we need to, in principle, analyze all viable combinations of individual events present in the gravitational-wave catalogs. An increasingly pressing problem is that the number of candidate pairs that we need to analyse grows rapidly with the increasing number of single-event detections. At design sensitivity, one may have as many as $\mathcal O(10^5)$ event pairs to consider. To meet the ever-increasing computational requirements, we develop a fast and precise Bayesian methodology to analyse strongly lensed event pairs, enabling future searches. The methodology works by replacing the prior used in the analysis of one strongly lensed gravitational-wave image by the posterior of another image; the computation is then further sped up by a pre-computed lookup table. We demonstrate how the methodology can be applied to any number of lensed images, enabling fast studies of strongly lensed quadruplets.
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