Dinuclear systems that occur in the post-saddle to scission stage in nuclear fission process are special transient formations. The diabatic evolution at this stage is studied using the methods of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. A novel explanation for the emergence of intrinsic rotational modes that occur in such a dinucleus is developed by identifying these modes together as an open subsystem that exchanges matter and energy with its environment. The environment consists of all remaining degrees of freedom of the dinucleus, and a weak coupling of the subsystem to this environment facilitates a diabatic energy exchange. Under appropriate non-equilibrium conditions, the available energy is coupled to the work needed for the emergence of self organizing rotational modes. This comes at the expense of increasing microscopic disorder in the form of intrinsic excitations in the prefragments. A simple formalism is presented such that the magnitudes of relevant energy flow through the subsystem are obtained in terms of entropy production rate, entropy expulsion rate and net rate of change of entropy in sub-units of $MeV zs^{-1} K^{-1}$.
Microscopic Description of Rotational Nuclear Fission Elucidates Fragment Spin Generation and Scission Mechanism
Hangzhou International Innovation Institute of Beihang University（北京航空航天大学杭州国际创新学院）；School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University（北京大学物理学院及核物理与核技术国家重点实验室）；Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院现代物理研究所南方核科学理论中心）
Microscopic description of fission in superheavy nuclei with the parametrization D1M$^{*}$ of the Gogny energy density functional
基于Gogny能量密度泛函的最新参数化D1 M $^{*}$，用约束Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov近似描述了435个超重核的裂变. Gogny-D1 M $^{*}$参数化是对现有的实验数据的基准内和第二势垒高度，激发能的裂变异构体和半衰期在一组选定的钚，Cm，Cf，Fm，没有，Rf，Sg，Hs和F1核。结果也与Gogny-D1 M能量密度泛函得到的结果进行了比较。详细研究了原子序数为100 $\le$ Z $\le$ 126的同位素链的最小能量裂变路径，其中包括来自双中子滴线的高达约4 MeV的非常富中子的扇区。还讨论了单粒子能量、基态变形、配对相关、两核子分离能和势垒高度。除了裂变路径外，受约束的哈特里-福克-博戈留博夫框架还提供了集体质量和零点量子转动能和振动能。这些量是用于评估自发裂变半衰期t $_\mathrm{SF}$的系统性的Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin形式主义内的构建块。通过对Viola-Seaborg公式进行参数化，计算$α$衰变半衰期t $_\mathrmα$，研究了自发裂变与$α$衰变之间的竞争.通过与已有实验数据和其它理论方法的比较，得出结论：D1 M $^{*}$是描述重核和超重核裂变的一个合理的出发点。
