利用由板状障碍物设计的前庭结构改善竞争性疏散
Improving competitive evacuations with a vestibule structure designed from panel-like obstacles
摘要：
事实证明，在出口门前设置障碍物是改善行人疏散的成功方法。在这项工作中，我们将重点关注由出口和障碍物（即前庭结构）限制的空间。我们分析了两种不同类型的前庭：两个入口前庭（由单个面板状障碍物组成）和三个入口前庭（由两个面板状障碍物组成）。在前一部分中，我们研究了改变壁面摩擦系数$κ_w$和障碍物到出口门的距离$d$的影响。在后者中，我们改变了两个面板之间的空间（间隙）。我们发现，上述三个参数控制前庭的密度，从而影响疏散流量（基本图）。我们还发现，减小距离$d$或增加摩擦力有利于前庭入口处阻塞簇的形成，因此，减小密度。如果密度太大或太低，则排空流量是次优的，而如果密度在$2 \pm 2$左右，则流量最大化。我们最重要的结果是，密度（以及因此的抽空流量）可以通过$κ_w$、$d$和间隙来精确控制。此外，三个入口的前厅产生了最高的疏散流量的特定配置的差距和距离，从面板到门。
英文摘要：
It has been shown that placing an obstacle in front of an exit door has proven to be a successful method to improve pedestrian evacuations. In this work, we will focus on the space limited by the exit and the obstacles (i.e. the vestibule structure). We analyzed two different types of vestibules: the two-entry vestibule (which consists of a single panel-like obstacle) and the three-entry vestibule (which consists of two panel-like obstacles). In the former, we studied the effects of varying the walls' friction coefficient $κ_w$ and the distance from the obstacle to the exit door $d$. In the latter, we varied the space between the two panels (gap). We found that the three above mentioned parameters control the vestibule's density, which subsequently affects the evacuation flow (fundamental diagram). We have also found that reducing the distance $d$ or increasing the friction facilitates the formation of blocking clusters at the vestibule entries, and hence, diminishes the density. If the density is too large or too low, the evacuation flow is suboptimal, whereas if the density is around $2 \pm 2$, the flow is maximized. Our most important result is that the density (and therefore the evacuation flow) can be precisely controlled by $κ_w$, $d$, and the gap. Moreover, the three-entry vestibule produced the highest evacuation flow for specific configurations of the gap and the distance from the panels to the door.
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