激发态费米子玻色子星的稳定机制
A stabilization mechanism for excited fermion-boson stars
摘要：
本文用数值方法研究了球对称{\it激发}费米子玻色子星的非线性稳定性。这种假想的复合恒星，由费米子和玻色子组成，在爱因斯坦-克莱因-戈登-欧拉耦合理论框架中描述为引力束缚的、规则的和静态的构型。激发配置的特点是存在于径向轮廓的（复杂的，大量的）标量场-玻色子片-至少有一个节点的恒星。在我们以前的研究中，我们用数值方法揭示了一个这样的组态从一个标量场云吸积到一个已经形成的中子星上的动力学过程。基于这一发现，我们在这里构造了激发态费米子玻色子星的平衡构型，并利用数值相对论模拟研究了它们的稳定性。此外，我们还分析了它们的动力学形成从通用的，满足约束的初始数据。相反的纯玻色子星在激发态，这是众所周知的一般不稳定，我们的研究揭示了一个合作的稳定机制之间的外观费米子和玻色子成分的激发态混合星。虽然最近在$\ell-$玻色子星和多场多频玻色子星的背景下讨论了类似的稳定机制的例子，我们的结果似乎表明，稳定机制是一个纯粹的引力效应，并不依赖于伴星的物质类型。
英文摘要：
We study numerically the nonlinear stability of {\it excited} fermion-boson stars in spherical symmetry. Such compound hypothetical stars, composed by fermions and bosons, are gravitationally bound, regular, and static configurations described within the coupled Einstein-Klein-Gordon-Euler theoretical framework. The excited configurations are characterized by the presence in the radial profile of the (complex, massive) scalar field -- the bosonic piece -- of at least one node across the star. The dynamical emergence of one such configuration from the accretion of a cloud of scalar field onto an already-formed neutron star, was numerically revealed in our previous investigation. Prompted by that finding we construct here equilibrium configurations of excited fermion-boson stars and study their stability properties using numerical-relativity simulations. In addition, we also analyze their dynamical formation from generic, constraint-satisfying initial data. Contrary to purely boson stars in the excited state, which are known to be generically unstable, our study reveals the appearance of a cooperative stabilization mechanism between the fermionic and bosonic constituents of those excited-state mixed stars. While similar examples of stabilization mechanisms have been recently discussed in the context of $\ell-$boson stars and multi-field, multi-frequency boson stars, our results seem to indicate that the stabilization mechanism is a purely gravitational effect and does not depend on the type of matter of the companion star.
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