OpenQASM 3：更广泛和更深入的量子汇编语言
OpenQASM 3: A broader and deeper quantum assembly language
摘要：
量子汇编语言是传统上在电路模型中描述量子计算的机器独立语言。开放量子汇编语言（OpenQASM 2）是基于早期QASM方言提出的用于量子线路的命令式编程语言。原则上，任何量子计算都可以使用OpenQASM 2来描述，但需要描述超越量子位和门语言的更广泛的电路集。通过研究交互式用例，我们认识到量子经典相互作用的两种不同时间尺度：必须在量子比特的相干时间内执行的实时经典计算，以及具有不太严格的时间的近时间计算。由于现有的编程框架已经充分描述了近时域，因此我们选择在OpenQASM 3中专注于实时域，这必须与量子操作的执行更紧密地耦合。我们添加了对任意控制流的支持以及调用外部经典函数。此外，我们认识到需要在多个层次的特异性来描述电路，因此我们扩展了语言，包括定时，脉冲控制，和门修饰符。这些新的语言功能为电路开发和优化创建了一个多层次的中间表示，以及用于校准、表征和错误缓解的控制序列实现。
英文摘要：
Quantum assembly languages are machine-independent languages that traditionally describe quantum computation in the circuit model. Open quantum assembly language (OpenQASM 2) was proposed as an imperative programming language for quantum circuits based on earlier QASM dialects. In principle, any quantum computation could be described using OpenQASM 2, but there is a need to describe a broader set of circuits beyond the language of qubits and gates. By examining interactive use cases, we recognize two different timescales of quantum-classical interactions: real-time classical computations that must be performed within the coherence times of the qubits, and near-time computations with less stringent timing. Since the near-time domain is adequately described by existing programming frameworks, we choose in OpenQASM 3 to focus on the real-time domain, which must be more tightly coupled to the execution of quantum operations. We add support for arbitrary control flow as well as calling external classical functions. In addition, we recognize the need to describe circuits at multiple levels of specificity, and therefore we extend the language to include timing, pulse control, and gate modifiers. These new language features create a multi-level intermediate representation for circuit development and optimization, as well as control sequence implementation for calibration, characterization, and error mitigation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
