N星的量子加速成像
Quantum-accelerated imaging of N stars
摘要：
具有接近或低于瑞利准则的低角分离的成像点源在天文学中是重要的，例如，在恒星附近寻找适合居住的系外行星。然而，通过传统的直接成像来分辨亚瑞利区域中的恒星所需的测量时间通常是令人望而却步的。在这里，我们提出了量子加速成像（QAI），以显着减少测量时间，使用信息理论的方法。QAI通过自适应地从数据中学习最佳测量来实现量子加速，以最大化每个检测到的光子的Fisher信息。我们的方法可以在实验中实现线性投影仪器，然后由单光子探测器阵列。我们估计的位置，亮度和未知恒星的数量$10\sim100$倍，比直接成像相同的光圈。QAI可扩展到大量非相干点源，并且可以在天文学之外找到广泛的适用性，以高速成像，荧光显微镜和量子位的有效光学读出。
英文摘要：
Imaging point sources with low angular separation near or below the Rayleigh criterion is important in astronomy, e.g., in the search for habitable exoplanets near stars. However, the measurement time required to resolve stars in the sub-Rayleigh region via traditional direct imaging is usually prohibitive. Here we propose quantum-accelerated imaging (QAI) to significantly reduce the measurement time using an information-theoretic approach. QAI achieves quantum acceleration by adaptively learning optimal measurements from data to maximize Fisher information per detected photon. Our approach can be implemented experimentally by linear-projection instruments followed by a single-photon detector array. We estimate the position, brightness and the number of unknown stars $10\sim100$ times faster than direct imaging with the same aperture. QAI is scalable to large number of incoherent point sources and can find widespread applicability beyond astronomy to high-speed imaging, fluorescence microscopy and efficient optical read-out of qubits.
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