利用有质量介体增强量子系统间的引力相互作用
Enhancing Gravitational Interaction between Quantum Systems by a Massive Mediator
摘要：
在1957年，费曼提出引力的量子/经典性质可以通过测试叠加态中源质量的引力相互作用来评估。然而，在所有使用物质波干涉测量的实验实现中，这种相互作用的极端弱点需要具有极端压缩的纯初始状态，以在合理的实验持续时间内实现非经典相互作用的可测量效应。在实践中，可以在这种非经典状态下制备的系统仅限于小质量，这反过来又限制了它们相互作用的强度。在这里，我们解决这个关键的挑战-引力相互作用的弱点-通过使用一个大质量的身体作为两个测试系统之间的引力相互作用的放大介质。我们的分析表明，这导致了两个测试系统之间的有效相互作用，该相互作用随着介质的质量而增长，与其初始状态无关，因此与其温度无关。这大大降低了对测试系统的质量和离域程度的要求，虽然仍然具有很大的挑战性，但使引力源质量的实验更接近现实。
英文摘要：
In 1957 Feynman suggested that the quantum/classical character of gravity may be assessed by testing the gravitational interaction due to source masses in superposition. However, in all proposed experimental realisations using matter-wave interferometry the extreme weakness of this interaction requires pure initial states with extreme squeezing to achieve measurable effects of non-classical interaction for reasonable experiment durations. In practice, the systems that can be prepared in such nonclassical states are limited to small masses, which in turn limits the strength of their interaction. Here we address this key challenge--the weakness of gravitational interaction--by using a massive body as an amplifying mediator of gravitational interaction between two test systems. Our analysis shows that this results in an effective interaction between the two test-systems that grows with the mass of the mediator, is independent of its initial state and, therefore, its temperature. This greatly reduces the requirement on the mass and degree of delocalization of the test systems and, while still highly challenging, brings experiments on gravitational source masses a step closer to reality.
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