电动汽车与传统燃料驱动汽车相比的绿色特性评估
Electric cars, assessment of green nature vis a vis conventional fuel driven cars
摘要：
对与电动汽车相关的能源需求和排放进行了全面分析，从采矿和制造电动机所需的稀土磁体到组装锂离子电池，包括电动汽车的充电和定期运行。一个简单的，分析程序是用来确定体现的能量和排放量。目的是评估电动汽车减少温室气体排放的潜力，以根据IPCC的建议，到2050年将全球变暖限制在< 1.5摄氏度，并将其与传统燃料驱动汽车进行比较。预计到2050年，1.5亿辆汽车的电动机和电池组件所需的Nd-和Dy-金属生产的综合体现能量约为1500 TWh，二氧化碳排放量超过600 MT。这些排放包括运行这些电动汽车所需的电能的碳强度。然而，由于化石燃料，汽油生产以及在内燃机中燃烧汽油而产生的预计排放量仅为412公吨，远远低于电动汽车。电动汽车排放的主要贡献者是电池组装过程，该过程释放了约379公吨的CO2-e气体。电动汽车和内燃机汽车的排放量与汽车数量呈线性关系，这表明以目前可用的制造技术不可能实现盈亏平衡。这些结果清楚地表明，电动汽车必须进行重大的技术发展，以便与基于内燃机的汽车相比，它们在环境方面更好。
英文摘要：
A comprehensive analysis of energy requirements and emissions associated with electric vehicles, ranging from mining and making the rare-earth magnets required in electric motor to assembling the Li-ion battery, including charging and regular running of the electric vehicles has been performed. A simple, analytical procedure is used to determine the embodied energy and emissions. The objective is to assess the potential of electric cars to reduce green house gases emission to limit global warming to < 1.5 degrees C by the Year 2050 as per IPCC recommendations and also to compare them with conventional fuel driven cars. The combined embodied energy for Nd- and Dy-metals production which are required in electric motors and battery assembly for 150 million cars, projected to be on the road in the year 2050 is ~ 1500 TWh and the CO2 emissions is found to be > 600 MT. The emissions includes carbon intensity of electrical energy required to run these electric vehicles. The projected emissions due to fossil fuels, gasoline production as well as burning it in combustion engines however is only 412 MT, far less than that due to electric vehicles. The main contributor to emissions from electric vehicles is the battery assembling process which releases ~ 379 MT of CO2-e gases. The emissions from both electric vehicles as well as combustion engine vehicles scale linearly with the number of vehicles, indicating that a breakeven is not possible with the currently available manufacturing technologies. These results clearly show that significant technological developments have to take place in electric vehicles so that they become environmentally better placed compared to combustion engine based cars.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
