大质量致密星的声速和核：强子-夸克对偶性的一种表现
The sound speed and core of massive compact stars: A manifestation of hadron-quark duality
摘要：
当重子-夸克连续性在密度大于核物质密度$n_0$两倍的情况下用拓扑变化来表述而不需要“明确的“QCD自由度时，大质量致密星的核心可以用分数带电粒子来描述，其行为既不像纯重子，也不像非精细夸克。隐藏的对称性，局部规范和伪共形（或破标），导致在致密星中的伪共形（PC）声速$v_{pcs}^2/c^2\approx 1/3$在$\gsim 3n_0$。我们认为，这些对称性是“涌现”从强核关联和猜想，它们反映了隐藏的对称性在QCD适当暴露的核关联。我们建立了一个可能的联系之间的淬火的$g_A$在超允许的Gamow-Teller跃迁的核和早熟的开始在$n\gsim 3n_0$的PC声速预测在狄龙极限固定点。我们提出，引入明确的夸克自由度，就像在“夸克子”和其他强子-夸克混合结构中所做的那样，我们的拓扑改变策略代表了“强子-夸克对偶性”，该对偶性是根据用于强子和夸克之间平滑交叉的Cheshire-Cat机制~ \cite{CC}来表述的。对抗目前可用的实验观察进行了讨论，以支持这一概念。
英文摘要：
When baryon-quark continuity is formulated in terms of a topology change without invoking "explicit " QCD degrees of freedom at a density higher than twice the nuclear matter density $n_0$ the core of massive compact stars can be described in terms of fractionally charged particles, behaving neither like pure baryons nor deconfined quarks. Hidden symmetries, both local gauge and pseudo-conformal (or broken scale), lead to the pseudo-conformal (PC) sound velocity $v_{pcs}^2/c^2\approx 1/3$ at $\gsim 3n_0$ in compact stars. We argue these symmetries are "emergent" from strong nuclear correlations and conjecture that they reflect hidden symmetries in QCD proper exposed by nuclear correlations. We establish a possible link between the quenching of $g_A$ in superallowed Gamow-Teller transitions in nuclei and the precocious onset at $n\gsim 3n_0$ of the PC sound velocity predicted at the dilaton limit fixed point. We propose that bringing in explicit quark degrees of freedom as is done in terms of the "quarkyonic" and other hybrid hadron-quark structure and our topology-change strategy represent the "hadron-quark duality" formulated in terms of the Cheshire-Cat mechanism~\cite{CC} for the smooth cross-over between hadrons and quarks. Confrontation with currently available experimental observations is discussed to support this notion.
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