通过SU（N）对称性破缺实现相互作用格点费米子的味选择局域化
Flavour-selective localization in interacting lattice fermions via SU(N) symmetry breaking
摘要：
量子系统中粒子之间的大排斥力可以导致它们的局域化，就像莫特绝缘材料中的电子一样。这种模式最近已经扩展到一种新的量子态，轨道选择性莫特绝缘体，其中某些轨道上的电子被预测为局部化，而其他轨道则保持巡回。我们提供了一个直接的实验实现这种现象，我们扩展到一个更一般的味道选择性本地化。通过使用基于原子的量子模拟器，我们设计了SU（3）费米-哈伯德模型，通过味道之间的可调耦合打破它们的对称性，观察到局域化的增强和味道相关性的出现。我们的味道选择莫特物理学的实现开辟了多组分材料的量子模拟的道路，从超导体到拓扑绝缘体。
英文摘要：
A large repulsion between particles in a quantum system can lead to their localization, as it happens for the electrons in Mott insulating materials. This paradigm has recently branched out into a new quantum state, the orbital-selective Mott insulator, where electrons in some orbitals are predicted to localize, while others remain itinerant. We provide a direct experimental realization of this phenomenon, that we extend to a more general flavour-selective localization. By using an atom-based quantum simulator, we engineer SU(3) Fermi-Hubbard models breaking their symmetry via a tunable coupling between flavours, observing an enhancement of localization and the emergence of flavour-dependent correlations. Our realization of flavour-selective Mott physics opens the path to the quantum simulation of multicomponent materials, from superconductors to topological insulators.
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