新星加热他们的食物：通过辐射进行质量传递
Novae heat their food: mass transfer by irradiation
摘要：
新星爆发会辐射并加热灾变变星中的施主星，使其达到高温$T_{\rm irr}$，导致其外层膨胀并溢出洛希叶。我们计算捐助者的加热和膨胀的解析和数值，假设球对称，并发现，辐射驱动增强的质量转移从捐助者的速率$\dot{m}\propto T_{\rm irr}^{5/3}$，达到$\dot{m}\sim 10^{-6}\textrm{ M}_\odot\textrm{ yr}^{-1}$在喷发的高峰期-约一千倍，比在静止期。随着新星的消退和白矮星的冷却，$\dot{m}$下降到较低的值。我们发现，在某些情况下，下降停止和质量转移持续在$\dot{m}\sim 10^{-7}\textrm{ M}_\odot\textrm{ yr}^{-1}$的自我维持率高达$\sim 10^3$年后爆发。在这个速率下，白矮星吸积光度的辐射足以自行驱动质量转移。自持率接近白矮星的稳定燃烧极限，因此这种自举机制可以同时解释两类令人困惑的双星系统：轨道周期为$\approx 2$ h的复发新星（T Pyxlane和IM Normae）和周期为$\approx 4$ h的长寿命超软X射线源（RX J0537.7-7034和1 E 0035.4-7230）。一个系统是否达到自我维持的状态对施主的色球结构很敏感，也对新星爆发时的轨道周期变化很敏感。
英文摘要：
A nova eruption irradiates and heats the donor star in a cataclysmic variable to high temperatures $T_{\rm irr}$, causing its outer layers to expand and overflow the Roche lobe. We calculate the donor's heating and expansion both analytically and numerically, under the assumption of spherical symmetry, and find that irradiation drives enhanced mass transfer from the donor at a rate $\dot{m}\propto T_{\rm irr}^{5/3}$, which reaches $\dot{m}\sim 10^{-6}\textrm{ M}_\odot\textrm{ yr}^{-1}$ at the peak of the eruption - about a thousand times faster than during quiescence. As the nova subsides and the white dwarf cools down, $\dot{m}$ drops to lower values. We find that under certain circumstances, the decline halts and the mass transfer persists at a self-sustaining rate of $\dot{m}\sim 10^{-7}\textrm{ M}_\odot\textrm{ yr}^{-1}$ for up to $\sim 10^3$ yr after the eruption. At this rate, irradiation by the white dwarf's accretion luminosity is sufficient to drive the mass transfer on its own. The self-sustaining rate is close to the white dwarf's stable burning limit, such that this bootstrapping mechanism can simultaneously explain two classes of puzzling binary systems: recurrent novae with orbital periods $\approx 2$ h (T Pyxidis and IM Normae) and long-lived supersoft X-ray sources with periods $\approx 4$ h (RX J0537.7-7034 and 1E 0035.4-7230). Whether or not a system reaches the self-sustaining state is sensitive to the donor's chromosphere structure, as well as to the orbital period change during nova eruptions.
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