水星起源的动力学途径I：原始一代短周期原行星的唯一幸存者
Dynamical avenues for Mercury's origin I: The lone survivor of a primordial generation of short-period proto-planets
摘要：
水星内部行星的缺失继续困扰着类地行星的形成模型，特别是与类太阳恒星周围短周期行星相对较高的出现率相比。最近的研究表明，大多数拥有热超级地球的系统在形成准稳定，紧密堆积的配置后，通过动力学不稳定的时期达到其轨道结构。同位素证据似乎表明，超地球质量体系中的天体不太可能在太阳系中形成，因为地球形成盘被认为在CAI之后的200万年左右开始明显缺乏质量;这是木星增长或内在盘特征的结果。然而，类地行星的形成模型和对气盘阶段的微行星动力学的高分辨率研究偶尔会发现，质量与火星相当的准稳定原行星出现在水星现代轨道附近。在本文中，我们调查是否有可能为这样的对象的原始配置被灾难性地摧毁的方式，留下水星作为唯一的幸存者，而不干扰其他地球世界。我们使用数值模拟来证明这种情况是合理的。在许多情况下，幸存的汞类似物经历了一系列的侵蚀性影响，从而提高了其铁/硅比。我们提出的水星起源方案的一个警告是，金星通常会经历至少一次晚期的巨大撞击。
英文摘要：
The absence of planets interior to Mercury continues to puzzle terrestrial planet formation models, particularly when contrasted with the relatively high derived occurrence rates of short-period planets around Sun-like stars. Recent work proposed that the majority of systems hosting hot super-Earths attain their orbital architectures through an epoch of dynamical instability after forming in quasi-stable, tightly packed configurations. Isotopic evidence seems to suggest that the formation of objects in the super-Earth mass regime is unlikely to have occurred in the solar system as the terrestrial-forming disk is thought to have been significantly mass-deprived starting around 2 Myr after CAI; a consequence of either Jupiter's growth or an intrinsic disk feature. Nevertheless, terrestrial planet formation models and high-resolution investigations of planetesimal dynamics in the gas disk phase occasionally find that quasi-stable proto-planets with masses comparable to that of Mars emerge in the vicinity of Mercury's modern orbit. In this paper, we investigate whether it is possible for a primordial configuration of such objects to be cataclysmically destroyed in a manner that leaves Mercury behind as the sole survivor without disturbing the other terrestrial worlds. We use numerical simulations to show that this scenario is plausible. In many cases, the surviving Mercury analog experiences a series of erosive impacts; thereby boosting its Fe/Si ratio. A caveat of our proposed genesis scenario for Mercury is that Venus typically experiences at least one late giant impact.
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