无线OFDM设备的稳定非线性和IQ不平衡RF指纹
Stable Nonlinear and IQ Imbalance RF Fingerprint for Wireless OFDM Devices
摘要：
针对无线正交频分复用（OFDM）设备的认证问题，提出了一种基于发射机非线性和同相正交（IQ）不平衡等物理硬件特性的射频指纹（RFF）估计方法。首先，利用Hammerstein系统参数分离技术估计发射机的非线性参数和无线多径信道的有限冲激响应（FIR）参数。其次，利用搜索算法和共轭反对称导频，得到最佳IQ不平衡参数组合估计。第三，将非线性系数和IQ不平衡参数的估计组合作为一种新的RFF，从新的RFF中提取特征，并使用k-最近邻（k-NN）分类器对具有特征的通信设备进行分类。五个发射机的数值实验表明，新的RFF消除了无线信道的不利影响，因此是稳定的。所提出的射频指纹识别方法有助于对同型号、同系列的OFDM通信设备进行高强度认证。
英文摘要：
An estimation method of Radio Frequency fingerprint (RFF) based on the physical hardware properties of the nonlinearity and in-phase and quadrature (IQ) imbalance of the transmitter is proposed for the authentication of wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) devices. Firstly, the parameters of the nonlinearity of the transmitter and finite impulse response (FIR) of the wireless multipath channel are estimated with a Hammerstein system parameter separation technique. Secondly, the best IQ imbalance parameter combination estimation is obtained with a searching algorithm and the applied conjugate anti-symmetric pilots. Thirdly, the estimations of the nonlinear coefficients and IQ imbalance parameter combination are considered as a novel RFF, the features are extracted from the novel RFF, and a k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classifier is used to classify the communication devices with the features. It is demonstrated with the numerical experiments of five transmitters that the novel RFF eliminates the adverse effect of the wireless channel and is therefore stable. The proposed RF fingerprinting method is helpful for the high-strength authentication of the OFDM communication devices with subtle differences from the same model and same series.
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