基于高斯过程电流源密度的神经活动跨种群耦合
Cross-population coupling of neural activity based on Gaussian process current source densities
摘要：
由于局部场电位（LFP）来自不同空间位置的多个来源，因此它们不容易在试验到试验的基础上揭示神经群体之间的协调活动。然而，正如我们在这里所展示的，一旦不同的源信号被解耦，它们的试验间波动就变得更容易接近，跨种群相关性变得更加明显。为了解耦源，我们介绍了一个通用的框架估计电流源密度（CSD）。在该框架中，LFP的集合由通过生物物理正向模型添加到CSD的变换的噪声产生，而CSD被认为是具有快分量和慢分量的零均值、平稳、时空高斯过程和均值函数的总和，均值函数是跨空间分布的多个时变函数的总和，每个时变函数跨试验变化。我们推导出与我们分析的数据相关的生物物理正演模型。在仿真研究中，这种方法相比现有的CSD估计方法提高了源信号的识别。使用灵长类动物听觉皮层记录的数据，我们分析了稳态和任务诱发信号的试验到试验波动。我们发现两个探头之间的皮质层特定的相位耦合，并表明直接应用于LFPs的相同的分析没有恢复这些模式。我们还发现，任务诱发的CSD在特定的皮层深度的探针之间是相关的。使用小鼠视觉区Neuropixels探针的数据，我们再次发现了基于CSD的初级视觉区和外侧内侧区的深度特异性相位耦合的证据。
英文摘要：
Because local field potentials (LFPs) arise from multiple sources in different spatial locations, they do not easily reveal coordinated activity across neural populations on a trial-to-trial basis. As we show here, however, once disparate source signals are decoupled, their trial-to-trial fluctuations become more accessible, and cross-population correlations become more apparent. To decouple sources we introduce a general framework for estimation of current source densities (CSDs). In this framework, the set of LFPs result from noise being added to the transform of the CSD by a biophysical forward model, while the CSD is considered to be the sum of a zero-mean, stationary, spatiotemporal Gaussian process, having fast and slow components, and a mean function, which is the sum of multiple time-varying functions distributed across space, each varying across trials. We derived biophysical forward models relevant to the data we analyzed. In simulation studies this approach improved identification of source signals compared to existing CSD estimation methods. Using data recorded from primate auditory cortex, we analyzed trial-to-trial fluctuations in both steady-state and task-evoked signals. We found cortical layer-specific phase coupling between two probes and showed that the same analysis applied directly to LFPs did not recover these patterns. We also found task-evoked CSDs to be correlated across probes, at specific cortical depths. Using data from Neuropixels probes in mouse visual areas, we again found evidence for depth-specific phase coupling of primary visual area and lateromedial area based on the CSDs.
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