磁喷管加速中离子和电子的轴向动量增益
Axial momentum gains of ions and electrons in magnetic nozzle acceleration
摘要：
利用全动力学方法对磁喷嘴加速过程进行了数值模拟，研究了静电力和洛伦兹力作用下离子和电子的轴向动量增益。每个离子和电子的轴向动量增益是直接从带电粒子的动力学计算的，表明磁性喷嘴中的电子即使被静电力减速也通过洛伦兹力获得净轴向动量。虽然离子也被静电力加速，但电子的轴向动量增益随着磁场强度的增加而显著增加，并且在磁性喷嘴中成为主导。此外，还清楚地表明，电子轴向动量增益是由于电子动量从径向转换到轴向，导致推力和排气速度显著增加。
英文摘要：
The fully kinetic simulations of magnetic nozzle acceleration are conducted to investigate the axial momentum gains of ions and electrons with the electrostatic and Lorentz forces. Axial momentum gains per ion and electron are directly calculated from the kinetics of charged particles, indicating that electrons in the magnetic nozzle obtain the net axial momentum by the Lorentz force even though they are decelerated by the electrostatic force. Whereas ions are also accelerated by the electrostatic force, the axial momentum gain of electrons increases significantly with increasing the magnetic field strength and becomes dominant in the magnetic nozzle. In addition, it is clearly shown that the axial momentum gain of electrons is due to the electron momentum conversion from the radial to axial direction, resulting in the significant increase in the thrust and the exhaust velocity.
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