模拟连续稀释生态系统中的酶调控与突变
Enzyme regulation and mutation in a model serial dilution ecosystem
摘要：
微生物群落在自然界中无处不在，并且有多种形式，从由少数物种主导的群落到包含各种代谢不同生物体的群落。这种多样性的巨大范围并不奇怪-微生物多样性与具有重要生态和医学意义的结果有关。然而，微生物多样性背后的机制仍在争论中，因为简单的数学模型只允许有资源的物种共存。已经提出了大量的机制来解释微生物多样性的起源，但许多这些分析忽略了真正的微生物生态系统的一个关键特性：微生物本身在几代内和几代之间改变其生长特性的倾向。为了探索这一关键属性对微生物多样性的影响，我们扩大了最近开发的模型波动环境中的微生物多样性。我们以两种不同的方式实现增长战略的变革。首先，我们考虑在短的生态时间内细胞酶水平的调节，其次我们考虑跨代突变驱动的进化变化。有趣的是，我们发现这两种类型的微生物对环境的反应可能会产生截然不同的结果。酶调节可能会在足够长的时间内破坏多样性，而相反，策略随机突变可以产生促进多样性的“富人变穷”效应。这项工作明确，使用一个简单的系列稀释的框架，微生物的适应和进化可以影响社区多样性的冲突的方式。
英文摘要：
Microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature and come in a multitude of forms, ranging from communities dominated by a handful of species to communities containing a wide variety of metabolically distinct organisms. This huge range in diversity is not a curiosity - microbial diversity has been linked to outcomes of substantial ecological and medical importance. However, the mechanisms underlying microbial diversity are still under debate, as simple mathematical models only permit as many species to coexist as there are resources. A plethora of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the origins of microbial diversity, but many of these analyses omit a key property of real microbial ecosystems: the propensity of the microbes themselves to change their growth properties within and across generations. In order to explore the impact of this key property on microbial diversity, we expand upon a recently developed model of microbial diversity in fluctuating environments. We implement changes in growth strategy in two distinct ways. First, we consider the regulation of a cell's enzyme levels within short, ecological times, and second we consider evolutionary changes driven by mutations across generations. Interestingly, we find that these two types of microbial responses to the environment can have drastically different outcomes. Enzyme regulation may collapse diversity over long enough times while, conversely, strategy-randomizing mutations can produce a "rich-get-poorer" effect that promotes diversity. This work makes explicit, using a simple serial-dilutions framework, the conflicting ways that microbial adaptation and evolution can affect community diversity.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
