多光子不可逆性实验中相干性和维数的证明
Witnesses of coherence and dimension from multiphoton indistinguishability tests
摘要：
量子相干性标志着对经典物理学的偏离，并且已经被研究为计量学和量子计算的资源。因此，非常需要找到可靠和有效的方法来评估其存在。一致性见证依赖于测量可观察值，其结果可以保证状态在已知的参考基础上不是对角的。在这里，我们实验测量一种新类型的相干证人，使用成对的状态比较，以确定叠加在一个独立的方式。我们的实验使用一个单一的干涉装置，通过Hong-Ou-Mandel检验同时测量三个单光子态之间的三个成对重叠。除了相干证人，我们表明测量也作为一个希尔伯特空间维证人。我们的结果证明了汇集许多两态比较测试的有效性，以确定一组量子态的各种相关性质。
英文摘要：
Quantum coherence marks a deviation from classical physics, and has been studied as a resource for metrology and quantum computation. Finding reliable and effective methods for assessing its presence is then highly desirable. Coherence witnesses rely on measuring observables whose outcomes can guarantee that a state is not diagonal in a known reference basis. Here we experimentally measure a novel type of coherence witness that uses pairwise state comparisons to identify superpositions in a basis-independent way. Our experiment uses a single interferometric set-up to simultaneously measure the three pairwise overlaps among three single-photon states via Hong-Ou-Mandel tests. Besides coherence witnesses, we show the measurements also serve as a Hilbert-space dimension witness. Our results attest to the effectiveness of pooling many two-state comparison tests to ascertain various relational properties of a set of quantum states.
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