原动机的历史和未来的影响
History of Prime Movers and Future Implications
摘要：
动力和电能在人类文明中起着至关重要的作用。自古以来，动力能源在工农业生产和交通运输中起着主要作用。在那个时候，动力是由人和驮畜的劳动提供的。后来，水力和风力的工作被利用。在19 $^{\text{th}}$世纪，蒸汽动力成为美国和英国的主要动力能源。现代运输和工业依赖于使用矿物燃料的热机的工作。本书介绍了不同能源的简史。计算了前工业社会和工业社会的能源消费。讨论了第二次工业革命失去的机会（如快速增殖堆和热核电站）。提出了太阳能将在本世纪后半叶成为世界主要能源的观点。据计算，太阳能发电有可能带来新的工业革命。基于太阳系中可用的物质和能源资源，它证明了太阳系文明支持10个四位一体人口的高生活水平是可能的。
英文摘要：
Motive and electrical energy has played a crucial role in human civilization. Since Ancient times, motive energy played a primary role in agricultural and industrial production as well as transportation. At that time, motive energy was provided by work of humans and draft animals. Later, work of water and wind power was harnessed. During the 19$^{\text{th}}$ century, steam power became the main source of motive energy in USA and Britain. Modern transportation and industry depend on the work of heat engines that use fossil fuel. A brief history of different sources of energy is presented in this work. The energy consumptions in pre-industrial and industrial societies are calculated. The lost opportunities for the Second Industrial Revolution (such as fast breeder reactors and thermonuclear power stations) are discussed. The case that the Solar Power will become the main source of energy by the second half of this century is presented. It is calculated that the Solar Power has the potential to bring about the new Industrial Revolution. Based on material and energy resources available in the Solar System, it is demonstrated that the Solar System Civilization supporting a population of 10 Quadrillion with a high standard of living is possible.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
