用机械超材料衰减表面重力波
Attenuating surface gravity waves with mechanical metamaterials
摘要：
近年来，超材料和光子/声子晶体已经成功地发展，以实现先进的波操纵和控制，无论是在电磁学和力学。然而，基本的概念尚未完全应用于流体动力学和水波领域。在这里，我们提出了一个表面重力波与机械超材料，即周期性水下振荡谐振器的相互作用的例子。特别是，我们研究了一个装置组成的一个阵列的周期性淹没谐振子，其目的是吸收波能和耗散的形式在流体内的热量。研究是使用最先进的直接数值模拟的纳维-斯托克斯方程在其二维形式的自由边界和移动机构。我们使用的体积的流体界面技术跟踪的表面和浸没的边界方法的流体-结构的相互作用。我们首先研究一个单色波与一个单一的振荡器的相互作用，然后添加到四个谐振器耦合只有流体机械。我们研究的总能量耗散方面的设备的效率，并发现，通过添加谐振器，耗散增加在一个非平凡的方式。正如预期的那样，当波和谐振器的特征在于相似的频率时，实现了大的能量衰减。随着谐振器数量的增加，衰减频率的范围也增加。本文提出的概念和结果是相关的应用在海岸保护。
英文摘要：
Metamaterials and photonic/phononic crystals have been successfully developed in recent years to achieve advanced wave manipulation and control, both in electromagnetism and mechanics. However, the underlying concepts are yet to be fully applied to the field of fluid dynamics and water waves. Here, we present an example of the interaction of surface gravity waves with a mechanical metamaterial, i.e. periodic underwater oscillating resonators. In particular, we study a device composed by an array of periodic submerged harmonic oscillators whose objective is to absorb wave energy and dissipate it inside the fluid in the form of heat. The study is performed using a state of the art direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equation in its two-dimensional form with free boundary and moving bodies. We use a Volume of Fluid interface technique for tracking the surface and an Immersed Boundary method for the fluid-structure interaction. We first study the interaction of a monochromatic wave with a single oscillator and then add up to four resonators coupled only fluid-mechanically. We study the efficiency of the device in terms of the total energy dissipation and find that by adding resonators, the dissipation increases in a non trivial way. As expected, a large energy attenuation is achieved when the wave and resonators are characterised by similar frequencies. As the number of resonators is increased, the range of attenuated frequencies also increases. The concept and results presented herein are of relevance for applications in coastal protection.
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